Perennial springs in the Canadian High Arctic
The search for extraterrestrial life begins with understanding how life developed and evolved on our own planet. Earth's polar regions provide a unique setting conducive to developing the methodologies and techniques that will be needed to find new life forms either as living organisms or as so...
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ftcanadathes:oai:collectionscanada.gc.ca:QMM.85116 2023-05-15T14:29:02+02:00 Perennial springs in the Canadian High Arctic Andersen, Dale T. Doctor of Philosophy (Department of Geography.) 2004 application/pdf http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85116 en eng McGill University alephsysno: 002210396 proquestno: AAINR12796 Theses scanned by UMI/ProQuest. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85116 All items in eScholarship@McGill are protected by copyright with all rights reserved unless otherwise indicated. Springs -- Nunavut -- Axel Heiberg Island Frozen ground -- Nunavut -- Axel Heiberg Island Mars (Planet) -- Water Electronic Thesis or Dissertation 2004 ftcanadathes 2014-02-16T00:59:27Z The search for extraterrestrial life begins with understanding how life developed and evolved on our own planet. Earth's polar regions provide a unique setting conducive to developing the methodologies and techniques that will be needed to find new life forms either as living organisms or as some biological signal in a sedimentary record. The highest latitude perennial spring system in a region of thick, continuous permafrost resides in the Arctic archipelago of northern Canada. At Expedition Fiord on Axel Heiberg Island there are two sets of springs that provide useful analogs to liquid water habitats that may have existed on Mars. The springs occur in a region with a mean annual air temperature of -15.5° C. Spring flow rates and discharge temperatures are constant throughout the year. Filamentous bacteria, biofilms and mineral precipitates occur in association with the emergent, anoxic brine flowing from the springs. Preliminary data on the microbial composition of the spring water has been obtained by applying the culture-independent approach. The majority (76%) of the fifty-five environtaxa showed high sequence similarity to Thiomicrospira species (sulfur-oxidizing organism). Other sequences show high similarity to sulfate-reducing members of the delta (Desulfocapsa sp.) and epsilon (Sulfurospirillum sp.) proteobacterium groups. A single sequence was found to have 99% sequence similarity to species of the genus Haloanaerobium a group of low G+C Gram positive, anaerobic, halophiles (Rainey et al. 1995). A combined flow and thermal model of the Axel Heiberg springs has demonstrated how such springs are able to persist throughout the year despite temperatures that fall to below -50°C during the winter darkness. Dissolved gases emanating from the springs provide evidence of the origin of the water for the springs as well as placing constraints upon the residence time. The gas is composed primarily of N2 with relative concentrations of Ar, Kr, and Xe almost identical to air. No O2 is detectable and Ne is 60% of air values. We believe that ~50% of this gas originates from the direct release of air by nearby alpine glaciers and local ice sheets into groundwater that infiltrates sub-ice sedimentary deposits. Thesis Arctic Archipelago Arctic Axel Heiberg Island glacier* Ice Nunavut permafrost Theses Canada/Thèses Canada (Library and Archives Canada) Arctic Axel Heiberg Island ENVELOPE(-91.001,-91.001,79.752,79.752) Canada Expedition Fiord ENVELOPE(-92.001,-92.001,79.335,79.335) Heiberg ENVELOPE(13.964,13.964,66.424,66.424) Nunavut |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Theses Canada/Thèses Canada (Library and Archives Canada) |
op_collection_id |
ftcanadathes |
language |
English |
topic |
Springs -- Nunavut -- Axel Heiberg Island Frozen ground -- Nunavut -- Axel Heiberg Island Mars (Planet) -- Water |
spellingShingle |
Springs -- Nunavut -- Axel Heiberg Island Frozen ground -- Nunavut -- Axel Heiberg Island Mars (Planet) -- Water Andersen, Dale T. Perennial springs in the Canadian High Arctic |
topic_facet |
Springs -- Nunavut -- Axel Heiberg Island Frozen ground -- Nunavut -- Axel Heiberg Island Mars (Planet) -- Water |
description |
The search for extraterrestrial life begins with understanding how life developed and evolved on our own planet. Earth's polar regions provide a unique setting conducive to developing the methodologies and techniques that will be needed to find new life forms either as living organisms or as some biological signal in a sedimentary record. The highest latitude perennial spring system in a region of thick, continuous permafrost resides in the Arctic archipelago of northern Canada. At Expedition Fiord on Axel Heiberg Island there are two sets of springs that provide useful analogs to liquid water habitats that may have existed on Mars. The springs occur in a region with a mean annual air temperature of -15.5° C. Spring flow rates and discharge temperatures are constant throughout the year. Filamentous bacteria, biofilms and mineral precipitates occur in association with the emergent, anoxic brine flowing from the springs. Preliminary data on the microbial composition of the spring water has been obtained by applying the culture-independent approach. The majority (76%) of the fifty-five environtaxa showed high sequence similarity to Thiomicrospira species (sulfur-oxidizing organism). Other sequences show high similarity to sulfate-reducing members of the delta (Desulfocapsa sp.) and epsilon (Sulfurospirillum sp.) proteobacterium groups. A single sequence was found to have 99% sequence similarity to species of the genus Haloanaerobium a group of low G+C Gram positive, anaerobic, halophiles (Rainey et al. 1995). A combined flow and thermal model of the Axel Heiberg springs has demonstrated how such springs are able to persist throughout the year despite temperatures that fall to below -50°C during the winter darkness. Dissolved gases emanating from the springs provide evidence of the origin of the water for the springs as well as placing constraints upon the residence time. The gas is composed primarily of N2 with relative concentrations of Ar, Kr, and Xe almost identical to air. No O2 is detectable and Ne is 60% of air values. We believe that ~50% of this gas originates from the direct release of air by nearby alpine glaciers and local ice sheets into groundwater that infiltrates sub-ice sedimentary deposits. |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Andersen, Dale T. |
author_facet |
Andersen, Dale T. |
author_sort |
Andersen, Dale T. |
title |
Perennial springs in the Canadian High Arctic |
title_short |
Perennial springs in the Canadian High Arctic |
title_full |
Perennial springs in the Canadian High Arctic |
title_fullStr |
Perennial springs in the Canadian High Arctic |
title_full_unstemmed |
Perennial springs in the Canadian High Arctic |
title_sort |
perennial springs in the canadian high arctic |
publisher |
McGill University |
publishDate |
2004 |
url |
http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85116 |
op_coverage |
Doctor of Philosophy (Department of Geography.) |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-91.001,-91.001,79.752,79.752) ENVELOPE(-92.001,-92.001,79.335,79.335) ENVELOPE(13.964,13.964,66.424,66.424) |
geographic |
Arctic Axel Heiberg Island Canada Expedition Fiord Heiberg Nunavut |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Axel Heiberg Island Canada Expedition Fiord Heiberg Nunavut |
genre |
Arctic Archipelago Arctic Axel Heiberg Island glacier* Ice Nunavut permafrost |
genre_facet |
Arctic Archipelago Arctic Axel Heiberg Island glacier* Ice Nunavut permafrost |
op_relation |
alephsysno: 002210396 proquestno: AAINR12796 Theses scanned by UMI/ProQuest. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85116 |
op_rights |
All items in eScholarship@McGill are protected by copyright with all rights reserved unless otherwise indicated. |
_version_ |
1766303137480572928 |