Pleistocene Laurentide Ice Sheet drainage into the Labrador Sea : sedimentary facies, depositional mechanisms, stratigraphy and significance of Heinrich events

On the basis of sedimentary structures and textures, six depositional facies have been identified in Labrador Slope, Rise and Basin cores. They include: (1) turbid-surface plume sediments (facies P; plumites) comprising 4% of the total length of the slope cores; (2) hemipelagic sediments (facies HI...

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Main Author: Khodabakhsh, Saeed.
Other Authors: Hesse, R. (advisor)
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: McGill University 1996
Subjects:
Online Access:http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42067
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spelling ftcanadathes:oai:collectionscanada.gc.ca:QMM.42067 2023-05-15T16:35:38+02:00 Pleistocene Laurentide Ice Sheet drainage into the Labrador Sea : sedimentary facies, depositional mechanisms, stratigraphy and significance of Heinrich events Khodabakhsh, Saeed. Hesse, R. (advisor) Doctor of Philosophy (Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences.) 1996 application/pdf http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42067 en eng McGill University alephsysno: 001565010 proquestno: NQ30309 Theses scanned by UMI/ProQuest. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42067 All items in eScholarship@McGill are protected by copyright with all rights reserved unless otherwise indicated. Geology Electronic Thesis or Dissertation 1996 ftcanadathes 2014-02-16T00:51:37Z On the basis of sedimentary structures and textures, six depositional facies have been identified in Labrador Slope, Rise and Basin cores. They include: (1) turbid-surface plume sediments (facies P; plumites) comprising 4% of the total length of the slope cores; (2) hemipelagic sediments (facies HI and H) with and without ice-rafted debris (IRD) (48% and 20% on the slope/rise and basin centre, respectively); (3) nepheloid-layer deposits (facies N; 9% on the slope); (4) contourites (facies C; 4% on the slope); (5) turbidite facies (30% on the slope and $>$40% on the levees of the Northwest Atlantic Mid-Ocean Channel, NAMOC) with three subfacies: thin-bedded silt and mud turbidites (T); turbidites with laminae of IRD (TI), and sand turbidites (MS); and (6) debris-flow facies (10% on the slope) with four subfacies: gravelly (D1), sandy silt (D2), thin bedded (D3) and sandy gravelly debris-flow deposits (D4). Facies P occurs on high-relief slope sections, deposited by buoyantly rising meltwater plumes entrained by the south-flowing Labrador Current. The high relief was caused by retrograde canyon erosion after deposition. Facies N is best developed and thickest on the slope and upper rise. It was deposited when sediment-laden meltwater from the Laurentide Ice Sheet with high concentrations of suspended sediment spread out in mid-water or along the bottom. Facies T occurs on the levees of the NAMOC and its tributaries. It originated from the remobilization of detrital carbonate-rich sediments on the slope south of the Hudson Strait. Extensive sand turbidites occur on a braided floodplain east of NAMOC. Deposition of sand turbidites by high-density turbidity currents, probably of sheet-flow type, resulted from bedload-rich meltwater discharges on the low-relief slope sector off the Hudson Strait. They may have been caused by subglacial-lake outburst flooding, which might be linked to Heinrich events. Facies C occurs on the lower slope to upper rise. Facies H is present in all parts of the basin but most abundant on the slope; together with facies T, it is the major facies in the intercanyon regions. Facies D is found mainly on low-relief slope sectors, in front and north of major glacier outlets. Debris-flow tongues in the slope canyons merge downslope forming an extensive stacked megadebris-flow deposit on the floodplain west of NAMOC. Facies D makes up $>$75% of the sediment thickness in the western floodplain cores. Four types of Heinrich layers (HL) were identified. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) Thesis Hudson Strait Ice Sheet Labrador Sea Northwest Atlantic Theses Canada/Thèses Canada (Library and Archives Canada) Hudson Hudson Strait ENVELOPE(-70.000,-70.000,62.000,62.000) Northwest Atlantic Mid-Ocean Channel ENVELOPE(-52.709,-52.709,58.577,58.577)
institution Open Polar
collection Theses Canada/Thèses Canada (Library and Archives Canada)
op_collection_id ftcanadathes
language English
topic Geology
spellingShingle Geology
Khodabakhsh, Saeed.
Pleistocene Laurentide Ice Sheet drainage into the Labrador Sea : sedimentary facies, depositional mechanisms, stratigraphy and significance of Heinrich events
topic_facet Geology
description On the basis of sedimentary structures and textures, six depositional facies have been identified in Labrador Slope, Rise and Basin cores. They include: (1) turbid-surface plume sediments (facies P; plumites) comprising 4% of the total length of the slope cores; (2) hemipelagic sediments (facies HI and H) with and without ice-rafted debris (IRD) (48% and 20% on the slope/rise and basin centre, respectively); (3) nepheloid-layer deposits (facies N; 9% on the slope); (4) contourites (facies C; 4% on the slope); (5) turbidite facies (30% on the slope and $>$40% on the levees of the Northwest Atlantic Mid-Ocean Channel, NAMOC) with three subfacies: thin-bedded silt and mud turbidites (T); turbidites with laminae of IRD (TI), and sand turbidites (MS); and (6) debris-flow facies (10% on the slope) with four subfacies: gravelly (D1), sandy silt (D2), thin bedded (D3) and sandy gravelly debris-flow deposits (D4). Facies P occurs on high-relief slope sections, deposited by buoyantly rising meltwater plumes entrained by the south-flowing Labrador Current. The high relief was caused by retrograde canyon erosion after deposition. Facies N is best developed and thickest on the slope and upper rise. It was deposited when sediment-laden meltwater from the Laurentide Ice Sheet with high concentrations of suspended sediment spread out in mid-water or along the bottom. Facies T occurs on the levees of the NAMOC and its tributaries. It originated from the remobilization of detrital carbonate-rich sediments on the slope south of the Hudson Strait. Extensive sand turbidites occur on a braided floodplain east of NAMOC. Deposition of sand turbidites by high-density turbidity currents, probably of sheet-flow type, resulted from bedload-rich meltwater discharges on the low-relief slope sector off the Hudson Strait. They may have been caused by subglacial-lake outburst flooding, which might be linked to Heinrich events. Facies C occurs on the lower slope to upper rise. Facies H is present in all parts of the basin but most abundant on the slope; together with facies T, it is the major facies in the intercanyon regions. Facies D is found mainly on low-relief slope sectors, in front and north of major glacier outlets. Debris-flow tongues in the slope canyons merge downslope forming an extensive stacked megadebris-flow deposit on the floodplain west of NAMOC. Facies D makes up $>$75% of the sediment thickness in the western floodplain cores. Four types of Heinrich layers (HL) were identified. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
author2 Hesse, R. (advisor)
format Thesis
author Khodabakhsh, Saeed.
author_facet Khodabakhsh, Saeed.
author_sort Khodabakhsh, Saeed.
title Pleistocene Laurentide Ice Sheet drainage into the Labrador Sea : sedimentary facies, depositional mechanisms, stratigraphy and significance of Heinrich events
title_short Pleistocene Laurentide Ice Sheet drainage into the Labrador Sea : sedimentary facies, depositional mechanisms, stratigraphy and significance of Heinrich events
title_full Pleistocene Laurentide Ice Sheet drainage into the Labrador Sea : sedimentary facies, depositional mechanisms, stratigraphy and significance of Heinrich events
title_fullStr Pleistocene Laurentide Ice Sheet drainage into the Labrador Sea : sedimentary facies, depositional mechanisms, stratigraphy and significance of Heinrich events
title_full_unstemmed Pleistocene Laurentide Ice Sheet drainage into the Labrador Sea : sedimentary facies, depositional mechanisms, stratigraphy and significance of Heinrich events
title_sort pleistocene laurentide ice sheet drainage into the labrador sea : sedimentary facies, depositional mechanisms, stratigraphy and significance of heinrich events
publisher McGill University
publishDate 1996
url http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42067
op_coverage Doctor of Philosophy (Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences.)
long_lat ENVELOPE(-70.000,-70.000,62.000,62.000)
ENVELOPE(-52.709,-52.709,58.577,58.577)
geographic Hudson
Hudson Strait
Northwest Atlantic Mid-Ocean Channel
geographic_facet Hudson
Hudson Strait
Northwest Atlantic Mid-Ocean Channel
genre Hudson Strait
Ice Sheet
Labrador Sea
Northwest Atlantic
genre_facet Hudson Strait
Ice Sheet
Labrador Sea
Northwest Atlantic
op_relation alephsysno: 001565010
proquestno: NQ30309
Theses scanned by UMI/ProQuest.
http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42067
op_rights All items in eScholarship@McGill are protected by copyright with all rights reserved unless otherwise indicated.
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