Engendering interaction : Inuit-European contact in Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island
This thesis seeks to identify the mosaic, rather than the monolithic, nature of culture contact by integrating historical and archaeological sources relating to the concept of gender roles, as they influence response within a contact situation. Specifically, I examine how the Inuit gender system str...
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McGill University
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ftcanadathes:oai:collectionscanada.gc.ca:QMM.35893 2023-05-15T15:35:26+02:00 Engendering interaction : Inuit-European contact in Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island Gullason, Lynda. Morantz, Toby (advisor) Fitzhugh, William (advisor) Doctor of Philosophy (Department of Anthropology.) 1998 application/pdf http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35893 en eng McGill University alephsysno: 001655390 proquestno: NQ50180 Theses scanned by UMI/ProQuest. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35893 All items in eScholarship@McGill are protected by copyright with all rights reserved unless otherwise indicated. Inuit -- Nunavut -- Iqaluit -- Antiquities Inuit -- Material culture -- Nunavut -- Iqaluit Sexual division of labor -- Nunavut -- Iqaluit -- History Iqaluit (Nunavut) -- Antiquities Electronic Thesis or Dissertation 1998 ftcanadathes 2014-02-16T01:00:45Z This thesis seeks to identify the mosaic, rather than the monolithic, nature of culture contact by integrating historical and archaeological sources relating to the concept of gender roles, as they influence response within a contact situation. Specifically, I examine how the Inuit gender system structured artifact patterning in Inuit-European contact situations through the investigation of three Inuit sites in Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island. These date from the 16th, 19th and early 20th centuries and represent a variety of seasonal occupations and dwelling forms. The ethnographic data suggest that Inuit gender relations were egalitarian and complementary. On this basis I hypothesize that European goods and materials were used equally by men and women. Within each gendered set of tasks, European goods and materials were differently used, according to empirically functional criteria such as the nature of the tasks. Opportunities for and responses to European contact differed depending on the types of tasks in which Inuit women and men engaged and the social roles they played. Seasonality of occupation bears upon the archaeological visibility of gender activities. Sixteenth-century Elizabethan contact did not alter Nugumiut gender roles, tasks, authority or status but served primarily as a source of raw material, namely wood and iron. Based on the analysis of slotted tools I suggest a refinement to take account of the overlap in blade thickness that occurs for metal and slate, and which depends on the function of the tool. I conclude that there was much more metal use by Thule Inuit than previously believed. However, during Elizabethan contact and shortly afterwards there was actually less metal use by the Nugumiut than in the prehistoric era. Little archaeological evidence was recovered for 19th-century commercial whaling contact, (suggesting geographic marginality to European influence), or for 19th century Inuit occupation in the area. This is partly because of immigration to Cumberland Sound and because of subsequent structural remodelling of the dwellings by later occupants. By the early 20th century, the archaeological record showed not only equal use of European material across gender but a near-ubiquitous distribution across most activity classes, even though commercial trapping never replaced traditional subsistence pursuits but only supplemented them. Thesis Baffin Island Baffin Cumberland Sound Frobisher Bay inuit Iqaluit Nunavut Theses Canada/Thèses Canada (Library and Archives Canada) Baffin Island Cumberland Sound ENVELOPE(-66.014,-66.014,65.334,65.334) Frobisher Bay ENVELOPE(-66.581,-66.581,62.834,62.834) Nunavut |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Theses Canada/Thèses Canada (Library and Archives Canada) |
op_collection_id |
ftcanadathes |
language |
English |
topic |
Inuit -- Nunavut -- Iqaluit -- Antiquities Inuit -- Material culture -- Nunavut -- Iqaluit Sexual division of labor -- Nunavut -- Iqaluit -- History Iqaluit (Nunavut) -- Antiquities |
spellingShingle |
Inuit -- Nunavut -- Iqaluit -- Antiquities Inuit -- Material culture -- Nunavut -- Iqaluit Sexual division of labor -- Nunavut -- Iqaluit -- History Iqaluit (Nunavut) -- Antiquities Gullason, Lynda. Engendering interaction : Inuit-European contact in Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island |
topic_facet |
Inuit -- Nunavut -- Iqaluit -- Antiquities Inuit -- Material culture -- Nunavut -- Iqaluit Sexual division of labor -- Nunavut -- Iqaluit -- History Iqaluit (Nunavut) -- Antiquities |
description |
This thesis seeks to identify the mosaic, rather than the monolithic, nature of culture contact by integrating historical and archaeological sources relating to the concept of gender roles, as they influence response within a contact situation. Specifically, I examine how the Inuit gender system structured artifact patterning in Inuit-European contact situations through the investigation of three Inuit sites in Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island. These date from the 16th, 19th and early 20th centuries and represent a variety of seasonal occupations and dwelling forms. The ethnographic data suggest that Inuit gender relations were egalitarian and complementary. On this basis I hypothesize that European goods and materials were used equally by men and women. Within each gendered set of tasks, European goods and materials were differently used, according to empirically functional criteria such as the nature of the tasks. Opportunities for and responses to European contact differed depending on the types of tasks in which Inuit women and men engaged and the social roles they played. Seasonality of occupation bears upon the archaeological visibility of gender activities. Sixteenth-century Elizabethan contact did not alter Nugumiut gender roles, tasks, authority or status but served primarily as a source of raw material, namely wood and iron. Based on the analysis of slotted tools I suggest a refinement to take account of the overlap in blade thickness that occurs for metal and slate, and which depends on the function of the tool. I conclude that there was much more metal use by Thule Inuit than previously believed. However, during Elizabethan contact and shortly afterwards there was actually less metal use by the Nugumiut than in the prehistoric era. Little archaeological evidence was recovered for 19th-century commercial whaling contact, (suggesting geographic marginality to European influence), or for 19th century Inuit occupation in the area. This is partly because of immigration to Cumberland Sound and because of subsequent structural remodelling of the dwellings by later occupants. By the early 20th century, the archaeological record showed not only equal use of European material across gender but a near-ubiquitous distribution across most activity classes, even though commercial trapping never replaced traditional subsistence pursuits but only supplemented them. |
author2 |
Morantz, Toby (advisor) Fitzhugh, William (advisor) |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Gullason, Lynda. |
author_facet |
Gullason, Lynda. |
author_sort |
Gullason, Lynda. |
title |
Engendering interaction : Inuit-European contact in Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island |
title_short |
Engendering interaction : Inuit-European contact in Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island |
title_full |
Engendering interaction : Inuit-European contact in Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island |
title_fullStr |
Engendering interaction : Inuit-European contact in Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island |
title_full_unstemmed |
Engendering interaction : Inuit-European contact in Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island |
title_sort |
engendering interaction : inuit-european contact in frobisher bay, baffin island |
publisher |
McGill University |
publishDate |
1998 |
url |
http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35893 |
op_coverage |
Doctor of Philosophy (Department of Anthropology.) |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-66.014,-66.014,65.334,65.334) ENVELOPE(-66.581,-66.581,62.834,62.834) |
geographic |
Baffin Island Cumberland Sound Frobisher Bay Nunavut |
geographic_facet |
Baffin Island Cumberland Sound Frobisher Bay Nunavut |
genre |
Baffin Island Baffin Cumberland Sound Frobisher Bay inuit Iqaluit Nunavut |
genre_facet |
Baffin Island Baffin Cumberland Sound Frobisher Bay inuit Iqaluit Nunavut |
op_relation |
alephsysno: 001655390 proquestno: NQ50180 Theses scanned by UMI/ProQuest. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35893 |
op_rights |
All items in eScholarship@McGill are protected by copyright with all rights reserved unless otherwise indicated. |
_version_ |
1766365770653106176 |