Impacts of synoptic atmospheric circulations and topographic conditions of sustained strong surface winds over southern Nunavut

Strong surface winds are an inherent aspect of the eastern Canadian Arctic climate yet few studies have focused on these features. As a result, arctic winds are often poorly predicted by current weather forecasting models. To better predict the arctic weather, we need to understand the role of the A...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Nadeau, Daniel
Other Authors: Ronald Stewart (Internal/Supervisor)
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: McGill University 2007
Subjects:
Online Access:http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18409
id ftcanadathes:oai:collectionscanada.gc.ca:QMM.18409
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection Theses Canada/Thèses Canada (Library and Archives Canada)
op_collection_id ftcanadathes
language English
topic Physics - Atmospheric Science
spellingShingle Physics - Atmospheric Science
Nadeau, Daniel
Impacts of synoptic atmospheric circulations and topographic conditions of sustained strong surface winds over southern Nunavut
topic_facet Physics - Atmospheric Science
description Strong surface winds are an inherent aspect of the eastern Canadian Arctic climate yet few studies have focused on these features. As a result, arctic winds are often poorly predicted by current weather forecasting models. To better predict the arctic weather, we need to understand the role of the Arctic's unique geographical and meteorological features such as mountains, sea-ice and very stable atmosphericstratification. In this study, we hypothesize that these features have an impact on high wind events in the eastern Canadian Arctic. To test this, we examine the long-term data records of six meteorological stations across southern Nunavut. We also develop a severity index to characterize high wind events, based on duration, maximum gusts and mean wind speed observed. By studying the five most severehigh wind events and the motion of storm systems generating strong winds, we identified how the Arctic's geographical and meteorological features enhanced strong surface winds. High wind events are usually associated with intense cyclones located over Hudson Bay or Labrador Sea, particularly in wintertime. Under this large scale setting, blocking and channeling due to the stable boundary-layer stratificationtypically occur at Clyde River and Iqaluit, enhancing the surface wind speed. Over flatter terrain, high wind events typically occur when the station is situated in a region of strong synoptic pressure gradient between an anticyclone and a cyclone. Malgré leur rôle prépondérant au sein du climat arctique canadien méridional, peu d'études se sont intéressées aux vents violents de surface. Conséquemment, les prévisions météorologiques à leur sujet sont souvent imprécises. Afin d'améliorer les modèles de prévisions météorologiques dans l'Arctique, nous devons mieux doser la contribution des particularités géographiques et météorologiques inhérente à cetterégion, notamment la glace de mer, le relief accidenté et l'importante stabilité atmosphérique. Dans cette étude, nous supposons que ces particularités contribuent à la formation d'événements de vents violents dans l'Arctique canadien méridional. Afin de tester cette hypothèse, nous étudions les données météorologiques de six stations réparties dans le sud du Nunavut. Pour ce faire, nous développons un indice de sévérité basé sur trois paramètres des événements de vents violents: la durée, les rafales maximales observées et la vitesse moyenne du vent. Suite à notre étude, nous observons que les événements de vents violents sont typiquement associés à la présence d'intenses dépressions situées au-dessus de la baie d'Hudson ou de la mer du Labrador, particulièrement en hiver. Sous l'influence de ces systèmes, des phénomènes de blocage et d'effet de canal sont typiquement observés à Clyde Riveret Iqaluit respectivement, modifiant ainsi la vitesse et la direction des vents de surface. Quant auxstations en terrain plat, les événements de vents violents sont davantage provoqués par de forts gradients de pression synoptiques, lorsque la station est située entre un cyclone et un anticyclone.
author2 Ronald Stewart (Internal/Supervisor)
format Thesis
author Nadeau, Daniel
author_facet Nadeau, Daniel
author_sort Nadeau, Daniel
title Impacts of synoptic atmospheric circulations and topographic conditions of sustained strong surface winds over southern Nunavut
title_short Impacts of synoptic atmospheric circulations and topographic conditions of sustained strong surface winds over southern Nunavut
title_full Impacts of synoptic atmospheric circulations and topographic conditions of sustained strong surface winds over southern Nunavut
title_fullStr Impacts of synoptic atmospheric circulations and topographic conditions of sustained strong surface winds over southern Nunavut
title_full_unstemmed Impacts of synoptic atmospheric circulations and topographic conditions of sustained strong surface winds over southern Nunavut
title_sort impacts of synoptic atmospheric circulations and topographic conditions of sustained strong surface winds over southern nunavut
publisher McGill University
publishDate 2007
url http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18409
op_coverage Master of Science (Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences)
long_lat ENVELOPE(-78.666,-78.666,58.417,58.417)
ENVELOPE(-74.999,-74.999,58.500,58.500)
ENVELOPE(-70.451,-70.451,69.854,69.854)
ENVELOPE(-55.998,-55.998,55.000,55.000)
geographic Arctic
Baie d'Hudson
Baie-d'Hudson
Clyde River
Hudson
Hudson Bay
Mer du Labrador
Nunavut
geographic_facet Arctic
Baie d'Hudson
Baie-d'Hudson
Clyde River
Hudson
Hudson Bay
Mer du Labrador
Nunavut
genre Arctic
Arctique*
Baie d'Hudson
Clyde River
Hudson Bay
Iqaluit
Labrador Sea
Nunavut
Sea ice
genre_facet Arctic
Arctique*
Baie d'Hudson
Clyde River
Hudson Bay
Iqaluit
Labrador Sea
Nunavut
Sea ice
op_relation Electronically-submitted theses.
http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18409
op_rights All items in eScholarship@McGill are protected by copyright with all rights reserved unless otherwise indicated.
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spelling ftcanadathes:oai:collectionscanada.gc.ca:QMM.18409 2023-05-15T14:58:15+02:00 Impacts of synoptic atmospheric circulations and topographic conditions of sustained strong surface winds over southern Nunavut Nadeau, Daniel Ronald Stewart (Internal/Supervisor) Master of Science (Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences) 2007 application/pdf http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18409 en eng McGill University Electronically-submitted theses. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18409 All items in eScholarship@McGill are protected by copyright with all rights reserved unless otherwise indicated. Physics - Atmospheric Science Electronic Thesis or Dissertation 2007 ftcanadathes 2014-02-16T00:46:58Z Strong surface winds are an inherent aspect of the eastern Canadian Arctic climate yet few studies have focused on these features. As a result, arctic winds are often poorly predicted by current weather forecasting models. To better predict the arctic weather, we need to understand the role of the Arctic's unique geographical and meteorological features such as mountains, sea-ice and very stable atmosphericstratification. In this study, we hypothesize that these features have an impact on high wind events in the eastern Canadian Arctic. To test this, we examine the long-term data records of six meteorological stations across southern Nunavut. We also develop a severity index to characterize high wind events, based on duration, maximum gusts and mean wind speed observed. By studying the five most severehigh wind events and the motion of storm systems generating strong winds, we identified how the Arctic's geographical and meteorological features enhanced strong surface winds. High wind events are usually associated with intense cyclones located over Hudson Bay or Labrador Sea, particularly in wintertime. Under this large scale setting, blocking and channeling due to the stable boundary-layer stratificationtypically occur at Clyde River and Iqaluit, enhancing the surface wind speed. Over flatter terrain, high wind events typically occur when the station is situated in a region of strong synoptic pressure gradient between an anticyclone and a cyclone. Malgré leur rôle prépondérant au sein du climat arctique canadien méridional, peu d'études se sont intéressées aux vents violents de surface. Conséquemment, les prévisions météorologiques à leur sujet sont souvent imprécises. Afin d'améliorer les modèles de prévisions météorologiques dans l'Arctique, nous devons mieux doser la contribution des particularités géographiques et météorologiques inhérente à cetterégion, notamment la glace de mer, le relief accidenté et l'importante stabilité atmosphérique. Dans cette étude, nous supposons que ces particularités contribuent à la formation d'événements de vents violents dans l'Arctique canadien méridional. Afin de tester cette hypothèse, nous étudions les données météorologiques de six stations réparties dans le sud du Nunavut. Pour ce faire, nous développons un indice de sévérité basé sur trois paramètres des événements de vents violents: la durée, les rafales maximales observées et la vitesse moyenne du vent. Suite à notre étude, nous observons que les événements de vents violents sont typiquement associés à la présence d'intenses dépressions situées au-dessus de la baie d'Hudson ou de la mer du Labrador, particulièrement en hiver. Sous l'influence de ces systèmes, des phénomènes de blocage et d'effet de canal sont typiquement observés à Clyde Riveret Iqaluit respectivement, modifiant ainsi la vitesse et la direction des vents de surface. Quant auxstations en terrain plat, les événements de vents violents sont davantage provoqués par de forts gradients de pression synoptiques, lorsque la station est située entre un cyclone et un anticyclone. Thesis Arctic Arctique* Baie d'Hudson Clyde River Hudson Bay Iqaluit Labrador Sea Nunavut Sea ice Theses Canada/Thèses Canada (Library and Archives Canada) Arctic Baie d'Hudson ENVELOPE(-78.666,-78.666,58.417,58.417) Baie-d'Hudson ENVELOPE(-74.999,-74.999,58.500,58.500) Clyde River ENVELOPE(-70.451,-70.451,69.854,69.854) Hudson Hudson Bay Mer du Labrador ENVELOPE(-55.998,-55.998,55.000,55.000) Nunavut