Extratropical cyclone climatology for eastern Canadian cities
In this study, a Lagrangian tracking algorithm is applied to the 850-hPa relative vorticity field to characterize extratropical cyclone tracks across eastern Canada. Seasonal cycles are examined in terms of overall cyclone frequency, intensity, regions of development and decay. We found that cyclone...
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Language: | English |
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McGill University
2014
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Online Access: | http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121563 |
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ftcanadathes:oai:collectionscanada.gc.ca:QMM.121563 |
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openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Theses Canada/Thèses Canada (Library and Archives Canada) |
op_collection_id |
ftcanadathes |
language |
English |
topic |
Earth Sciences - Atmospheric Sciences |
spellingShingle |
Earth Sciences - Atmospheric Sciences Plante, Mathieu Extratropical cyclone climatology for eastern Canadian cities |
topic_facet |
Earth Sciences - Atmospheric Sciences |
description |
In this study, a Lagrangian tracking algorithm is applied to the 850-hPa relative vorticity field to characterize extratropical cyclone tracks across eastern Canada. Seasonal cycles are examined in terms of overall cyclone frequency, intensity, regions of development and decay. We found that cyclones tend to develop over the Rockies, the Great Lakes or the Western Atlantic. They are most intense over Newfoundland and North Atlantic, and decay over Greenland. Cyclones tracking across Toronto, Montreal, Halifax and St-John's are further analyzed, with typical cyclone tracks, origin, frequency, mean local growth rate, and mean intensity. Among others, we found that cyclone activities at east coast cities (Halifax, St-John's) are dominated by Atlantic cyclones, more frequent in winter, while Montreal's and Toronto's cyclones travel primarily from the Great Lakes, frequent and intense in spring and autumn. Cyclones from the Gulf of Mexico are not frequent, but extreme. The relationship between winter cyclone tracks and modes of atmospheric variability are also examined with an emphasis on the El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Pacific North American pattern (PNA). An ENSO and PNA-related oscillation between continental and coastal cyclones is confirmed. The inter-annual variability of winter cyclones cross eastern Canadian cities are quantified. Cyclone activities in Toronto and Montreal shown to be modulated by ENSO and PNA, while NAO dominates the cyclone variability in Halifax and St-John's. The local cyclone variability is found to be small in terms of overall cyclone statistics, but important in terms of changes in the origins of the local cyclones. Un algorithme est appliqué sur le tourbillon relatif à 850-hPa afin de calculer la trajectoire des cyclones affectant l'Est du Canada. Les variations saisonnières de ces trajectoires sont approfondies par l'étude de plusieurs paramètres, tels que la fréquence, l'intensité, l'origine, le taux de développement et le taux de dissipation des cyclones. L'étude démontre que les cyclones se développent principalement au dessus des Rocheuse, des Grands Lacs et de la côte Est des États-Unis, et se dissipent près des côtes Est et Ouest du Groendland. Les plus intenses se trouvent à Terre Neuve et au Nord de l'Atlantique. Ces statistiques de cyclones sont ensuite évaluées plus spécifiquement pour les cyclones atteignant Toronto, Montréal, Halifax et St-John's. Entre autre, il est démontré que les villes côtières sont pricipalement affectées par les cyclones en provenance de la côte Est Américaine, fréquents en hiver, tandis que Toronto et Montréal sont principalement affectés par les cyclones en provenance des Grands Lacs, plutôt fréquents au printemps et à l'automne. Les cyclones en provenance du Golf du Mexique sont moins fréquents, mais constituent une grande partie des extrêmes. La variation inter-annuelle de l'activité cyclonique est ensuite évaluée selon différents régimes de variabilité climatiques, tels qu'ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation), le NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) et le PNA (Pacific-North America). Les résultats consolident la présence d'une oscillation entre cyclones continentaux et cyclones côtiers pendant ENSO. L'étude démontre que la variabilité cyclonique inter-annuelle à Toronto et Montréal est dominée par ENSO et le PNA, tandis que le NAO a un plus grand impact à Halifax et à St-John's. |
author2 |
John Richard Gyakum (Internal/Cosupervisor2) Seok-Woo Son (Internal/Supervisor) |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Plante, Mathieu |
author_facet |
Plante, Mathieu |
author_sort |
Plante, Mathieu |
title |
Extratropical cyclone climatology for eastern Canadian cities |
title_short |
Extratropical cyclone climatology for eastern Canadian cities |
title_full |
Extratropical cyclone climatology for eastern Canadian cities |
title_fullStr |
Extratropical cyclone climatology for eastern Canadian cities |
title_full_unstemmed |
Extratropical cyclone climatology for eastern Canadian cities |
title_sort |
extratropical cyclone climatology for eastern canadian cities |
publisher |
McGill University |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121563 |
op_coverage |
Master of Science (Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences) |
geographic |
Canada Greenland Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Canada Greenland Pacific |
genre |
Greenland Newfoundland North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Terre-Neuve |
genre_facet |
Greenland Newfoundland North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Terre-Neuve |
op_relation |
Electronically-submitted theses http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121563 |
op_rights |
All items in eScholarship@McGill are protected by copyright with all rights reserved unless otherwise indicated. |
_version_ |
1766020471477764096 |
spelling |
ftcanadathes:oai:collectionscanada.gc.ca:QMM.121563 2023-05-15T16:30:44+02:00 Extratropical cyclone climatology for eastern Canadian cities Plante, Mathieu John Richard Gyakum (Internal/Cosupervisor2) Seok-Woo Son (Internal/Supervisor) Master of Science (Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences) 2014 application/pdf http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121563 en eng McGill University Electronically-submitted theses http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121563 All items in eScholarship@McGill are protected by copyright with all rights reserved unless otherwise indicated. Earth Sciences - Atmospheric Sciences Electronic Thesis or Dissertation 2014 ftcanadathes 2014-05-24T23:45:30Z In this study, a Lagrangian tracking algorithm is applied to the 850-hPa relative vorticity field to characterize extratropical cyclone tracks across eastern Canada. Seasonal cycles are examined in terms of overall cyclone frequency, intensity, regions of development and decay. We found that cyclones tend to develop over the Rockies, the Great Lakes or the Western Atlantic. They are most intense over Newfoundland and North Atlantic, and decay over Greenland. Cyclones tracking across Toronto, Montreal, Halifax and St-John's are further analyzed, with typical cyclone tracks, origin, frequency, mean local growth rate, and mean intensity. Among others, we found that cyclone activities at east coast cities (Halifax, St-John's) are dominated by Atlantic cyclones, more frequent in winter, while Montreal's and Toronto's cyclones travel primarily from the Great Lakes, frequent and intense in spring and autumn. Cyclones from the Gulf of Mexico are not frequent, but extreme. The relationship between winter cyclone tracks and modes of atmospheric variability are also examined with an emphasis on the El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Pacific North American pattern (PNA). An ENSO and PNA-related oscillation between continental and coastal cyclones is confirmed. The inter-annual variability of winter cyclones cross eastern Canadian cities are quantified. Cyclone activities in Toronto and Montreal shown to be modulated by ENSO and PNA, while NAO dominates the cyclone variability in Halifax and St-John's. The local cyclone variability is found to be small in terms of overall cyclone statistics, but important in terms of changes in the origins of the local cyclones. Un algorithme est appliqué sur le tourbillon relatif à 850-hPa afin de calculer la trajectoire des cyclones affectant l'Est du Canada. Les variations saisonnières de ces trajectoires sont approfondies par l'étude de plusieurs paramètres, tels que la fréquence, l'intensité, l'origine, le taux de développement et le taux de dissipation des cyclones. L'étude démontre que les cyclones se développent principalement au dessus des Rocheuse, des Grands Lacs et de la côte Est des États-Unis, et se dissipent près des côtes Est et Ouest du Groendland. Les plus intenses se trouvent à Terre Neuve et au Nord de l'Atlantique. Ces statistiques de cyclones sont ensuite évaluées plus spécifiquement pour les cyclones atteignant Toronto, Montréal, Halifax et St-John's. Entre autre, il est démontré que les villes côtières sont pricipalement affectées par les cyclones en provenance de la côte Est Américaine, fréquents en hiver, tandis que Toronto et Montréal sont principalement affectés par les cyclones en provenance des Grands Lacs, plutôt fréquents au printemps et à l'automne. Les cyclones en provenance du Golf du Mexique sont moins fréquents, mais constituent une grande partie des extrêmes. La variation inter-annuelle de l'activité cyclonique est ensuite évaluée selon différents régimes de variabilité climatiques, tels qu'ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation), le NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) et le PNA (Pacific-North America). Les résultats consolident la présence d'une oscillation entre cyclones continentaux et cyclones côtiers pendant ENSO. L'étude démontre que la variabilité cyclonique inter-annuelle à Toronto et Montréal est dominée par ENSO et le PNA, tandis que le NAO a un plus grand impact à Halifax et à St-John's. Thesis Greenland Newfoundland North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Terre-Neuve Theses Canada/Thèses Canada (Library and Archives Canada) Canada Greenland Pacific |