Stratospheric eruptions from tropical and extra-tropical volcanoes constrained using high-resolution sulfur isotopes in ice cores
The record of volcanic forcing of climate over the past 2500 years is based primarily on sulfate concentrations in ice cores. Of particular interest are large volcanic eruptions with plumes that reached high altitudes in the stratosphere, as these afford sulfate aerosols the longest residence time i...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.06.006 |
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ftcaltechauth:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:yjc4t-anf36 2024-06-23T07:45:57+00:00 Stratospheric eruptions from tropical and extra-tropical volcanoes constrained using high-resolution sulfur isotopes in ice cores Burke, Andrea Moore, Kathryn A. Sigl, Michael Nita, Dan C. McConnell, Joseph R. Adkins, Jess F. 2019-09-01 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.06.006 unknown Elsevier https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.06.006 oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:yjc4t-anf36 eprintid:96625 resolverid:CaltechAUTHORS:20190621-110910481 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Default Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 521, 113-119, (2019-09-01) volcanoes sulfur mass-independent fractionation stratosphere Katmai ice cores info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2019 ftcaltechauth https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.06.006 2024-06-12T06:35:36Z The record of volcanic forcing of climate over the past 2500 years is based primarily on sulfate concentrations in ice cores. Of particular interest are large volcanic eruptions with plumes that reached high altitudes in the stratosphere, as these afford sulfate aerosols the longest residence time in the atmosphere, and thus have the greatest impact on radiative forcing. Sulfur isotopes measured in ice cores can be used to identify these large eruptions because stratospheric sulfur is exposed to UV radiation, which imparts a time-evolving mass independent fractionation (MIF) that is preserved in the ice. However, sample size requirements of traditional measurement techniques mean that the MIF signal may be obscured, leading to an inconclusive result. Here we present a new method of measuring sulfur isotopes in ice cores by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, which reduces sample size requirements by three orders of magnitude. Our method allows us to measure samples containing as little as 10 nmol of sulfur, with a precision of 0.11‰ for δ^(34)S and 0.10‰ for Δ^(33)S, enabling a high-temporal resolution over ice core sulfate peaks. We tested this method on known tropical (Tambora 1815 and Samalas 1257) and extra-tropical (Katmai/Novarupta 1912) stratospheric eruptions from the Tunu2013 ice core in Greenland and the B40 ice core from Antarctica. These high-resolution sulfur isotope records suggest a distinct difference between the signatures of tropical versus extra-tropical eruptions. Furthermore, isotope mass balance on sulfate from extra-tropical eruptions provides a means to estimate the fraction of sulfate deposited that was derived from the stratosphere. This technique applied to unidentified eruptions in ice cores may thus improve the record of explosive volcanism and its forcing of climate. © 2019 Elsevier. Received 20 February 2019, Revised 4 June 2019, Accepted 5 June 2019, Available online 20 June 2019. This research was funded by a Foster and Coco Stanback postdoctoral ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Greenland ice core Caltech Authors (California Institute of Technology) Greenland Earth and Planetary Science Letters 521 113 119 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Caltech Authors (California Institute of Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftcaltechauth |
language |
unknown |
topic |
volcanoes sulfur mass-independent fractionation stratosphere Katmai ice cores |
spellingShingle |
volcanoes sulfur mass-independent fractionation stratosphere Katmai ice cores Burke, Andrea Moore, Kathryn A. Sigl, Michael Nita, Dan C. McConnell, Joseph R. Adkins, Jess F. Stratospheric eruptions from tropical and extra-tropical volcanoes constrained using high-resolution sulfur isotopes in ice cores |
topic_facet |
volcanoes sulfur mass-independent fractionation stratosphere Katmai ice cores |
description |
The record of volcanic forcing of climate over the past 2500 years is based primarily on sulfate concentrations in ice cores. Of particular interest are large volcanic eruptions with plumes that reached high altitudes in the stratosphere, as these afford sulfate aerosols the longest residence time in the atmosphere, and thus have the greatest impact on radiative forcing. Sulfur isotopes measured in ice cores can be used to identify these large eruptions because stratospheric sulfur is exposed to UV radiation, which imparts a time-evolving mass independent fractionation (MIF) that is preserved in the ice. However, sample size requirements of traditional measurement techniques mean that the MIF signal may be obscured, leading to an inconclusive result. Here we present a new method of measuring sulfur isotopes in ice cores by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, which reduces sample size requirements by three orders of magnitude. Our method allows us to measure samples containing as little as 10 nmol of sulfur, with a precision of 0.11‰ for δ^(34)S and 0.10‰ for Δ^(33)S, enabling a high-temporal resolution over ice core sulfate peaks. We tested this method on known tropical (Tambora 1815 and Samalas 1257) and extra-tropical (Katmai/Novarupta 1912) stratospheric eruptions from the Tunu2013 ice core in Greenland and the B40 ice core from Antarctica. These high-resolution sulfur isotope records suggest a distinct difference between the signatures of tropical versus extra-tropical eruptions. Furthermore, isotope mass balance on sulfate from extra-tropical eruptions provides a means to estimate the fraction of sulfate deposited that was derived from the stratosphere. This technique applied to unidentified eruptions in ice cores may thus improve the record of explosive volcanism and its forcing of climate. © 2019 Elsevier. Received 20 February 2019, Revised 4 June 2019, Accepted 5 June 2019, Available online 20 June 2019. This research was funded by a Foster and Coco Stanback postdoctoral ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Burke, Andrea Moore, Kathryn A. Sigl, Michael Nita, Dan C. McConnell, Joseph R. Adkins, Jess F. |
author_facet |
Burke, Andrea Moore, Kathryn A. Sigl, Michael Nita, Dan C. McConnell, Joseph R. Adkins, Jess F. |
author_sort |
Burke, Andrea |
title |
Stratospheric eruptions from tropical and extra-tropical volcanoes constrained using high-resolution sulfur isotopes in ice cores |
title_short |
Stratospheric eruptions from tropical and extra-tropical volcanoes constrained using high-resolution sulfur isotopes in ice cores |
title_full |
Stratospheric eruptions from tropical and extra-tropical volcanoes constrained using high-resolution sulfur isotopes in ice cores |
title_fullStr |
Stratospheric eruptions from tropical and extra-tropical volcanoes constrained using high-resolution sulfur isotopes in ice cores |
title_full_unstemmed |
Stratospheric eruptions from tropical and extra-tropical volcanoes constrained using high-resolution sulfur isotopes in ice cores |
title_sort |
stratospheric eruptions from tropical and extra-tropical volcanoes constrained using high-resolution sulfur isotopes in ice cores |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.06.006 |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica Greenland ice core |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica Greenland ice core |
op_source |
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 521, 113-119, (2019-09-01) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.06.006 oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:yjc4t-anf36 eprintid:96625 resolverid:CaltechAUTHORS:20190621-110910481 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Default |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.06.006 |
container_title |
Earth and Planetary Science Letters |
container_volume |
521 |
container_start_page |
113 |
op_container_end_page |
119 |
_version_ |
1802643170932031488 |