A New Seismic Stratigraphy in the Indian-Atlantic Ocean Gateway Resembles Major Paleo-Oceanographic Changes of the Last 7 Ma

• Main Authors: Gruetzner, Jens, Hines, S. K. V., Expedition 361 Scientists
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: American Geophysical Union 2019
• Subjects: Agulhas Plateau; seismic reflection method; contourites; physical properties; Indian; Southern Ocean; North Atlantic Deep Water; North Atlantic
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GC007668

The exchange of water masses between the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic constitutes an integral interocean link in the global thermohaline circulation. Longâ€term changes in deep water flow have been studied using seismic reflection profiles but the seismic stratigraphy was poorly constrained and not resolved for the time period from the late Miocene onward. Here we present results from International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1475 (Agulhas Plateau) located over a sediment drift proximal to the entrance of North Atlantic Deep Water into the Southern Ocean and South Indian Ocean. Site U1475 comprises a complete carbonateâ€rich stratigraphic section of the last ~7 Ma that provides an archive of climateâ€induced variations in ocean circulation. Six marker reflectors occurring in the upper 300 m of the drift are identified here for the first time. The formation of these reflectors is mainly due to density changes that are mostly caused by changes in biogenic versus terrigenous sediment deposition. Synthetic seismograms allow age assignments for the horizons based on biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy. Prominent reflectors are related to late Pleistocene glacial/interglacial variability, the middle and early Pleistocene transitions, and the onset of the northern hemisphere glaciation. A peculiar early Pliocene interval (~5.3–4.0 Ma) bounded by two reflectors is characterized by fourfold elevated sedimentation rates (>10 cm/kyr) and the occurrence of sediment waves. We argue that this enhanced sediment transport to the Agulhas Plateau was caused by a reorganization of the bottom current circulation pattern due to maximized inflow of North Atlantic Deep Water. © 2018 American Geophysical Union. Received 7 MAY 2018; Accepted 14 DEC 2018; Accepted article online 21 DEC 2018; Published online 16 JAN 2019. We acknowledge the work of the crew, technicians, and scientific staff of IODP Expedition 361. This research used samples and data provided by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP). Funding was ...