The Daily-Resolved Southern Ocean Mixed Layer: Regional Contrasts Assessed Using Glider Observations

• Main Authors: du Plessis, M. D., Swart, S., Biddle, L. C., Giddy, I. S., Monteiro, P. M. S., Reason, C. J. C., Thompson, A. F., Nicholson, S.-A.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: American Geophysical Union 2022
• Subjects: Gliders; Mixing; Heat Flux; Ocean Observations; Southern Ocean; Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous); Space and Planetary Science; Geochemistry and Petrology; Geophysics; Oceanography; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jc017760

Water mass transformation in the Southern Ocean is vital for driving the large-scale overturning circulation, which transports heat from the surface to the ocean interior. Using profiling gliders, this study investigates the role of summertime buoyancy forcing and wind-driven processes on the intraseasonal (1–10 days) mixed layer thermohaline variability in three Southern Ocean regions southwest of Africa important for water mass transformation—the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ), Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ), and Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ). At intraseasonal time scales, heat flux was shown as the main driver of buoyancy gain in all regions. In the SAZ and MIZ, shallow mixed layers and strong stratification enhanced mixed layer buoyancy gain by trapping incoming heat, while buoyancy loss resulted primarily from the entrainment of cold, salty water from below. In the PFZ, rapid mixing linked to Southern Ocean storms set persistently deep mixed layers and suppressed mixed layer intraseasonal thermohaline variability. In the polar regions, lateral stirring of meltwater from seasonal sea-ice melt dominated daily mixed layer salinity variability. We propose that these meltwater fronts are advected to the PFZ during late summer, indicating the potential for seasonal sea-ice freshwater to impact a region where the upwelling limb of overturning circulation reaches the surface. This study reveals a regional dependence of how the mixed layer thermohaline properties respond to small spatiotemporal processes, emphasizing the importance of surface forcing occurring between 1 and 10 days on the mixed layer water mass transformation in the Southern Ocean. © 2022 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. Issue Online: 05 April 2022; Version of Record online: 05 April 2022; Accepted manuscript online: 23 March ...