Gully formation in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: multiple sources of water, temporal sequence and relative importance in gully erosion and deposition processes
We report on a decade of fieldwork designed to determine the conditions required for erosion of Mars-like gully channels in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) of Antarctica. We have outlined the major factors in the morphological evolution of gullies in the Inland Mixed Zone of the MDV: (1) the distribut...
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2017
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ftcaltechauth:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:924n4-9sj27 2024-10-13T14:02:54+00:00 Gully formation in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: multiple sources of water, temporal sequence and relative importance in gully erosion and deposition processes Dickson, James L. Head, James W. Levy, Joseph S. Morgan, Gareth A. Marchant, David R. Conway, S. J. Carrivick, J. L. Carling, P. A. de Haas, T. Harrison, T. N. 2017-12-04 https://doi.org/10.1144/SP467.4 unknown Geological Society https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3935992 https://doi.org/10.1144/SP467.4 eprintid:96712 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Other info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart 2017 ftcaltechauth https://doi.org/10.1144/SP467.410.6084/m9.figshare.c.3935992 2024-09-25T18:46:36Z We report on a decade of fieldwork designed to determine the conditions required for erosion of Mars-like gully channels in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) of Antarctica. We have outlined the major factors in the morphological evolution of gullies in the Inland Mixed Zone of the MDV: (1) the distribution of ice sources; (2) the temporal aspects of ice melting; and (3) the relative significance of melting events in gullies. We show that significant erosion of gully channels can be achieved if geometrical and environmental conditions combine to concentrate ice where it can rapidly melt. In contrast, annual melting of surface ice and snow deposits during late-season discharge events contribute to transport of water, but flux rarely surpasses the infiltration capacity of the active layer. These small discharge events do not erode channels of significant width. Even when the flux is sufficient to carve a c. 10–20 cm deep channel during late summer (January–February) runoff, these small channels seldom persist through multiple seasons, because they are seasonally muted and filled with aeolian deposits. We briefly discuss the application of these results to the study of gully systems on Mars. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. We appreciate detailed and constructive reviews of this paper by Colin Dundas and an anonymous reviewer, as well as the editor, Susan Conway. Field assistance was generously provided by dozens of colleagues who were all essential for instrument implementation. In particular, we thank Mike Wyatt. We are grateful for logistical assistance from Raytheon Polar Services, Antarctic Support Contract, Petroleum Helicopters International and the summer staff of McMurdo Station. We thank the National Science Foundation Division of Polar Programs for funding several projects that contributed to this paper: ANT-0739702 to JWH, ANT-0944702 to DRM and PLR-1343649 to JSL. Published - 13_sp467-16-080.pdf Supplemental Material - sp467.4_si_001.avi Supplemental Material - ... Book Part Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica McMurdo Dry Valleys Caltech Authors (California Institute of Technology) Antarctic Conway ENVELOPE(-61.422,-61.422,-62.841,-62.841) Dundas ENVELOPE(-44.333,-44.333,-60.733,-60.733) McMurdo Dry Valleys McMurdo Station ENVELOPE(166.667,166.667,-77.850,-77.850) Wyatt ENVELOPE(-67.686,-67.686,-67.338,-67.338) |
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Open Polar |
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Caltech Authors (California Institute of Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftcaltechauth |
language |
unknown |
description |
We report on a decade of fieldwork designed to determine the conditions required for erosion of Mars-like gully channels in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) of Antarctica. We have outlined the major factors in the morphological evolution of gullies in the Inland Mixed Zone of the MDV: (1) the distribution of ice sources; (2) the temporal aspects of ice melting; and (3) the relative significance of melting events in gullies. We show that significant erosion of gully channels can be achieved if geometrical and environmental conditions combine to concentrate ice where it can rapidly melt. In contrast, annual melting of surface ice and snow deposits during late-season discharge events contribute to transport of water, but flux rarely surpasses the infiltration capacity of the active layer. These small discharge events do not erode channels of significant width. Even when the flux is sufficient to carve a c. 10–20 cm deep channel during late summer (January–February) runoff, these small channels seldom persist through multiple seasons, because they are seasonally muted and filled with aeolian deposits. We briefly discuss the application of these results to the study of gully systems on Mars. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. We appreciate detailed and constructive reviews of this paper by Colin Dundas and an anonymous reviewer, as well as the editor, Susan Conway. Field assistance was generously provided by dozens of colleagues who were all essential for instrument implementation. In particular, we thank Mike Wyatt. We are grateful for logistical assistance from Raytheon Polar Services, Antarctic Support Contract, Petroleum Helicopters International and the summer staff of McMurdo Station. We thank the National Science Foundation Division of Polar Programs for funding several projects that contributed to this paper: ANT-0739702 to JWH, ANT-0944702 to DRM and PLR-1343649 to JSL. Published - 13_sp467-16-080.pdf Supplemental Material - sp467.4_si_001.avi Supplemental Material - ... |
author2 |
Conway, S. J. Carrivick, J. L. Carling, P. A. de Haas, T. Harrison, T. N. |
format |
Book Part |
author |
Dickson, James L. Head, James W. Levy, Joseph S. Morgan, Gareth A. Marchant, David R. |
spellingShingle |
Dickson, James L. Head, James W. Levy, Joseph S. Morgan, Gareth A. Marchant, David R. Gully formation in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: multiple sources of water, temporal sequence and relative importance in gully erosion and deposition processes |
author_facet |
Dickson, James L. Head, James W. Levy, Joseph S. Morgan, Gareth A. Marchant, David R. |
author_sort |
Dickson, James L. |
title |
Gully formation in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: multiple sources of water, temporal sequence and relative importance in gully erosion and deposition processes |
title_short |
Gully formation in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: multiple sources of water, temporal sequence and relative importance in gully erosion and deposition processes |
title_full |
Gully formation in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: multiple sources of water, temporal sequence and relative importance in gully erosion and deposition processes |
title_fullStr |
Gully formation in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: multiple sources of water, temporal sequence and relative importance in gully erosion and deposition processes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Gully formation in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: multiple sources of water, temporal sequence and relative importance in gully erosion and deposition processes |
title_sort |
gully formation in the mcmurdo dry valleys, antarctica: multiple sources of water, temporal sequence and relative importance in gully erosion and deposition processes |
publisher |
Geological Society |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1144/SP467.4 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-61.422,-61.422,-62.841,-62.841) ENVELOPE(-44.333,-44.333,-60.733,-60.733) ENVELOPE(166.667,166.667,-77.850,-77.850) ENVELOPE(-67.686,-67.686,-67.338,-67.338) |
geographic |
Antarctic Conway Dundas McMurdo Dry Valleys McMurdo Station Wyatt |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Conway Dundas McMurdo Dry Valleys McMurdo Station Wyatt |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica McMurdo Dry Valleys |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica McMurdo Dry Valleys |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3935992 https://doi.org/10.1144/SP467.4 eprintid:96712 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Other |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1144/SP467.410.6084/m9.figshare.c.3935992 |
_version_ |
1812819350613131264 |