The collapse of Bárðarbunga Caldera, Iceland

Lying below Vatnajökull ice cap in Iceland, Bárðarbunga stratovolcano began experiencing wholesale caldera collapse in 2014 August 16, one of the largest such events recorded in the modern instrumental era. Simultaneous with this collapse is the initiation of a plate boundary rifting episode nort...

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Published in:Geophysical Journal International
Main Authors: Riel, B., Milillo, P., Simons, M., Lundgren, P., Kanamori, H., Samsonov, S.
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:unknown
Published: Royal Astronomical Society 2015
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv157
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spelling ftcaltechauth:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:8wtyz-0kh12 2024-10-13T14:07:28+00:00 The collapse of Bárðarbunga Caldera, Iceland Riel, B. Milillo, P. Simons, M. Lundgren, P. Kanamori, H. Samsonov, S. 2015-07 https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv157 unknown Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv157 eprintid:57840 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Other Geophysical Journal International, 202(1), 446-453, (2015-07) Satellite geodesy Radar interferometry Magma chamber processes Calderas Remote sensing of volcanoes info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2015 ftcaltechauth https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv157 2024-09-25T18:46:40Z Lying below Vatnajökull ice cap in Iceland, Bárðarbunga stratovolcano began experiencing wholesale caldera collapse in 2014 August 16, one of the largest such events recorded in the modern instrumental era. Simultaneous with this collapse is the initiation of a plate boundary rifting episode north of the caldera. Observations using the international constellation of radar satellites indicate rapid 50 cm d^(−1) subsidence of the glacier surface overlying the collapsing caldera and metre-scale crustal deformation in the active rift zone. Anomalous earthquakes around the rim of the caldera with highly nondouble-couple focal mechanisms provide a mechanical link to the dynamics of the collapsing magma chamber. A model of the collapse consistent with available geodetic and seismic observations suggests that the majority of the observed subsidence occurs aseismically via a deflating sill-like magma chamber. © The Authors 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society. Accepted 2015 April 8. Received 2015 April 2. In original form 2015 January 21. We thank Egill Hauksson and Hilary Martens for discussions in the early phase of this study. We also thank Agust Gudmundsson, Jürg Schuler and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and for improving the quality of this manuscript. BR was supported under a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth and Space Science Fellowship. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA and funded through the President's and Director's Fund Program. This research was carried out using COSMO-SkyMed (CSK ®) products delivered under an Italian Space Agency (ASI) license and is made possible through a collaboration between JPL/Caltech/CIDOT and NASA/ASI. Published - Geophys._J._Int.-2015-Riel-446-53.pdf Supplemental Material - supp_Bardarbunga_GJI.pdf Article in Journal/Newspaper glacier Ice cap Iceland Caltech Authors (California Institute of Technology) Geophysical Journal International 202 1 446 453
institution Open Polar
collection Caltech Authors (California Institute of Technology)
op_collection_id ftcaltechauth
language unknown
topic Satellite geodesy
Radar interferometry
Magma chamber processes
Calderas
Remote sensing of volcanoes
spellingShingle Satellite geodesy
Radar interferometry
Magma chamber processes
Calderas
Remote sensing of volcanoes
Riel, B.
Milillo, P.
Simons, M.
Lundgren, P.
Kanamori, H.
Samsonov, S.
The collapse of Bárðarbunga Caldera, Iceland
topic_facet Satellite geodesy
Radar interferometry
Magma chamber processes
Calderas
Remote sensing of volcanoes
description Lying below Vatnajökull ice cap in Iceland, Bárðarbunga stratovolcano began experiencing wholesale caldera collapse in 2014 August 16, one of the largest such events recorded in the modern instrumental era. Simultaneous with this collapse is the initiation of a plate boundary rifting episode north of the caldera. Observations using the international constellation of radar satellites indicate rapid 50 cm d^(−1) subsidence of the glacier surface overlying the collapsing caldera and metre-scale crustal deformation in the active rift zone. Anomalous earthquakes around the rim of the caldera with highly nondouble-couple focal mechanisms provide a mechanical link to the dynamics of the collapsing magma chamber. A model of the collapse consistent with available geodetic and seismic observations suggests that the majority of the observed subsidence occurs aseismically via a deflating sill-like magma chamber. © The Authors 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society. Accepted 2015 April 8. Received 2015 April 2. In original form 2015 January 21. We thank Egill Hauksson and Hilary Martens for discussions in the early phase of this study. We also thank Agust Gudmundsson, Jürg Schuler and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and for improving the quality of this manuscript. BR was supported under a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth and Space Science Fellowship. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA and funded through the President's and Director's Fund Program. This research was carried out using COSMO-SkyMed (CSK ®) products delivered under an Italian Space Agency (ASI) license and is made possible through a collaboration between JPL/Caltech/CIDOT and NASA/ASI. Published - Geophys._J._Int.-2015-Riel-446-53.pdf Supplemental Material - supp_Bardarbunga_GJI.pdf
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Riel, B.
Milillo, P.
Simons, M.
Lundgren, P.
Kanamori, H.
Samsonov, S.
author_facet Riel, B.
Milillo, P.
Simons, M.
Lundgren, P.
Kanamori, H.
Samsonov, S.
author_sort Riel, B.
title The collapse of Bárðarbunga Caldera, Iceland
title_short The collapse of Bárðarbunga Caldera, Iceland
title_full The collapse of Bárðarbunga Caldera, Iceland
title_fullStr The collapse of Bárðarbunga Caldera, Iceland
title_full_unstemmed The collapse of Bárðarbunga Caldera, Iceland
title_sort collapse of bã¡rã°arbunga caldera, iceland
publisher Royal Astronomical Society
publishDate 2015
url https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv157
genre glacier
Ice cap
Iceland
genre_facet glacier
Ice cap
Iceland
op_source Geophysical Journal International, 202(1), 446-453, (2015-07)
op_relation https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv157
eprintid:57840
op_rights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Other
op_doi https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv157
container_title Geophysical Journal International
container_volume 202
container_issue 1
container_start_page 446
op_container_end_page 453
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