Atmospheric Circulation Response to Short-Term Arctic Warming in an Idealized Model
Recent Arctic sea ice loss in fall has been posited to drive midlatitude circulation changes into winter and even spring. Past work has shown that sea ice loss can indeed trigger a weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex, which can lead to delayed surface weather changes. But the mechanisms of s...
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ftcaltechauth:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:86hqv-p1261 2024-06-23T07:50:02+00:00 Atmospheric Circulation Response to Short-Term Arctic Warming in an Idealized Model Hell, Momme C. Schneider, Tapio Li, Camille 2020-02 https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-19-0133.1 unknown American Meteorological Society https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-19-0133.1 oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:86hqv-p1261 eprintid:101417 resolverid:CaltechAUTHORS:20200220-100007967 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Other Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 77(2), 531-549, (2020-02) Arctic Dynamics Heating Stratospheric circulation Stratosphere-troposphere coupling Intraseasonal variability info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2020 ftcaltechauth https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-19-0133.1 2024-06-12T03:52:28Z Recent Arctic sea ice loss in fall has been posited to drive midlatitude circulation changes into winter and even spring. Past work has shown that sea ice loss can indeed trigger a weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex, which can lead to delayed surface weather changes. But the mechanisms of such changes and their relevant time scales have remained unclear. This study uses large ensembles of idealized GCM simulations to identify how and over what time scales the atmospheric circulation responds to short-term surface heat flux changes in high latitudes. The ensemble-mean response of the atmospheric circulation is approximately linear in the amplitude of the surface forcing. It is also insensitive to whether the forcing is zonally asymmetric or symmetric, that is, whether stationary waves are generated or not. The circulation response can be decomposed into a rapid thermal response and a slower dynamic adjustment. The adjustment arises through weakening of vertical wave activity fluxes from the troposphere into the stratosphere in response to polar warming, a mechanism that differs from sudden stratospheric warmings yet still results in a weakened stratospheric circulation. The stratospheric response is delayed and persists for about 2 months because the thermal response of the stratosphere is slow compared with that of the troposphere. The delayed stratospheric response feeds back onto the troposphere, but the tropospheric effects are weak compared with natural variability. The general pathway for the delayed response appears to be relatively independent of the atmospheric background state at the time of the anomalous surface forcing. © 2020 American Meteorological Society. Manuscript received 15 May 2019, in final form 12 November 2019. Published online: 28 January 2020. The idealized GCM simulations were performed on ETH Zurich's Euler computing cluster. We thank Noel Keenlyside for facilitating this work in an early stage, and Tobias Bischoff, Farid Ait-Chaalal, Robert Wills, and Ori Adam for support ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Sea ice Caltech Authors (California Institute of Technology) Arctic Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 77 2 531 549 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Caltech Authors (California Institute of Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftcaltechauth |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Arctic Dynamics Heating Stratospheric circulation Stratosphere-troposphere coupling Intraseasonal variability |
spellingShingle |
Arctic Dynamics Heating Stratospheric circulation Stratosphere-troposphere coupling Intraseasonal variability Hell, Momme C. Schneider, Tapio Li, Camille Atmospheric Circulation Response to Short-Term Arctic Warming in an Idealized Model |
topic_facet |
Arctic Dynamics Heating Stratospheric circulation Stratosphere-troposphere coupling Intraseasonal variability |
description |
Recent Arctic sea ice loss in fall has been posited to drive midlatitude circulation changes into winter and even spring. Past work has shown that sea ice loss can indeed trigger a weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex, which can lead to delayed surface weather changes. But the mechanisms of such changes and their relevant time scales have remained unclear. This study uses large ensembles of idealized GCM simulations to identify how and over what time scales the atmospheric circulation responds to short-term surface heat flux changes in high latitudes. The ensemble-mean response of the atmospheric circulation is approximately linear in the amplitude of the surface forcing. It is also insensitive to whether the forcing is zonally asymmetric or symmetric, that is, whether stationary waves are generated or not. The circulation response can be decomposed into a rapid thermal response and a slower dynamic adjustment. The adjustment arises through weakening of vertical wave activity fluxes from the troposphere into the stratosphere in response to polar warming, a mechanism that differs from sudden stratospheric warmings yet still results in a weakened stratospheric circulation. The stratospheric response is delayed and persists for about 2 months because the thermal response of the stratosphere is slow compared with that of the troposphere. The delayed stratospheric response feeds back onto the troposphere, but the tropospheric effects are weak compared with natural variability. The general pathway for the delayed response appears to be relatively independent of the atmospheric background state at the time of the anomalous surface forcing. © 2020 American Meteorological Society. Manuscript received 15 May 2019, in final form 12 November 2019. Published online: 28 January 2020. The idealized GCM simulations were performed on ETH Zurich's Euler computing cluster. We thank Noel Keenlyside for facilitating this work in an early stage, and Tobias Bischoff, Farid Ait-Chaalal, Robert Wills, and Ori Adam for support ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hell, Momme C. Schneider, Tapio Li, Camille |
author_facet |
Hell, Momme C. Schneider, Tapio Li, Camille |
author_sort |
Hell, Momme C. |
title |
Atmospheric Circulation Response to Short-Term Arctic Warming in an Idealized Model |
title_short |
Atmospheric Circulation Response to Short-Term Arctic Warming in an Idealized Model |
title_full |
Atmospheric Circulation Response to Short-Term Arctic Warming in an Idealized Model |
title_fullStr |
Atmospheric Circulation Response to Short-Term Arctic Warming in an Idealized Model |
title_full_unstemmed |
Atmospheric Circulation Response to Short-Term Arctic Warming in an Idealized Model |
title_sort |
atmospheric circulation response to short-term arctic warming in an idealized model |
publisher |
American Meteorological Society |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-19-0133.1 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Sea ice |
op_source |
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 77(2), 531-549, (2020-02) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-19-0133.1 oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:86hqv-p1261 eprintid:101417 resolverid:CaltechAUTHORS:20200220-100007967 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Other |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-19-0133.1 |
container_title |
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences |
container_volume |
77 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
531 |
op_container_end_page |
549 |
_version_ |
1802640777865592832 |