On-land ice loss and glacial isostatic adjustment at the Drake Passage: 2003–2009

• Main Authors: Ivins, Erik R., Watkins, Michael M., Yuan, Dah-Ning, Dietrich, Reinhard, Casassa, Gino, Rülke, Axel
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: American Geophysical Union 2011
• Subjects: Paleontology; Space and Planetary Science; Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous); Atmospheric Science; Earth-Surface Processes; Geochemistry and Petrology; Soil Science; Water Science and Technology; Ecology; Aquatic Science; Forestry; Oceanography; Geophysics; Antarc*; Antarctic; Antarctic Peninsula; Drake Passage; Land Glacier
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb007607

Land glacier extent and volume at the northern and southern margins of the Drake Passage have been in a state of dramatic demise since the early 1990s. Here time-varying space gravity observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) are combined with Global Positioning System (GPS) bedrock uplift data to simultaneously solve for ice loss and for solid Earth glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) to Little Ice Age (LIA) cryospheric loading. The present-day ice loss rates are determined to be −26 ± 6 Gt/yr and −41.5 ± 9 Gt/yr in the Southern and Northern Patagonia Ice Fields (NPI+SPI) and Antarctic Peninsula (AP), respectively. These are consistent with estimates based upon thickness and flux changes. Bounds are recovered for elastic lithosphere thicknesses of 35 ≤ h ≤ 70 km and 20 ≤ h ≤ 45 km and for upper mantle viscosities of 4–8 × 10¹⸠Pa s and 3–10 × 10¹⹠Pa s (using a half-space approximation) for NPI+SPI and AP, respectively, using an iterative forward model strategy. Antarctic Peninsula ice models with a prolonged LIA, extending to A.D. 1930, are favored in all χ² fits to the GPS uplift data. This result is largely decoupled from Earth structure assumptions. The GIA corrections account for roughly 20–60% of the space-determined secular gravity change. Collectively, the on-land ice losses correspond to volume increases of the oceans equivalent to 0.19 ± 0.045 mm/yr of sea level rise for the last 15 years. This research was supported by NASA's Earth Surface and Interior Focus Area as part of the GRACE Science Team effort and was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. Parts of this research were supported by the International Bureau of the BMBF (Germany) and by the Chilean Government through the Millennium Science Initiative and the Centers of Excellence Base Financing Program of Conicyt which fund and the Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECS). We thank Michael Bentley, David Bromwich, Ben Chao, Eugene Domack, Tom James, ...