New constraints on dike injection and fault slip during the 1975–1984 Krafla rift crisis, NE Iceland
Correlation of KH9 spy and SPOT5 satellite images, airphotos, digital elevation model differencing, electronic distance measurement, and leveling survey data is used to constrain the deformation resulting from the 1975–1984 Krafla rifting crisis. We find that diking typically extends to depths of 5...
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2013
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ftcaltechauth:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:42210 2023-05-15T16:50:48+02:00 New constraints on dike injection and fault slip during the 1975–1984 Krafla rift crisis, NE Iceland Hollingsworth, J. Leprince, Sébastien Ayoub, François Avouac, Jean-Philippe 2013-07-11 application/pdf https://authors.library.caltech.edu/42210/ https://authors.library.caltech.edu/42210/1/jgrb50223.pdf https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131104-085648056 en eng American Geophysical Union https://authors.library.caltech.edu/42210/1/jgrb50223.pdf Hollingsworth, J. and Leprince, Sébastien and Ayoub, François and Avouac, Jean-Philippe (2013) New constraints on dike injection and fault slip during the 1975–1984 Krafla rift crisis, NE Iceland. Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth, 118 (7). pp. 3707-3727. ISSN 2169-9313. doi:10.1002/jgrb.50223. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131104-085648056 <https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131104-085648056> other Article PeerReviewed 2013 ftcaltechauth https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50223 2021-11-11T18:55:46Z Correlation of KH9 spy and SPOT5 satellite images, airphotos, digital elevation model differencing, electronic distance measurement, and leveling survey data is used to constrain the deformation resulting from the 1975–1984 Krafla rifting crisis. We find that diking typically extends to depths of 5 km, while the dike tops range from 0 km in the caldera region to 3 km at the northern end of the rift. Extension is accommodated by diking at depth and normal faulting in the shallowest crust. In the southern section of the Krafla rift, surface opening is 80% of the dike opening at depth. Over the 70–80 km length of the rift, the average dike opening was 4.3–5.4 m. From these estimates, we calculate the total geodetic moment released over the Krafla rift crisis, 4.4–9.0×10^(19) Nm, which is an order of magnitude higher than the seismic moment released over the same time period, ~5.8×10^(18) Nm. The total volume of magma added to the upper crust was 1.1–2.1×10^9m^3. This study highlights how optical image correlation using inexpensive declassified spy satellite and airphotos, combined with simple models of crustal deformation, can provide important constraints on the deformation resulting from past earthquake and volcanic events. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Caltech Authors (California Institute of Technology) Krafla ENVELOPE(-16.747,-16.747,65.713,65.713) Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 118 7 3707 3727 |
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Open Polar |
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Caltech Authors (California Institute of Technology) |
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ftcaltechauth |
language |
English |
description |
Correlation of KH9 spy and SPOT5 satellite images, airphotos, digital elevation model differencing, electronic distance measurement, and leveling survey data is used to constrain the deformation resulting from the 1975–1984 Krafla rifting crisis. We find that diking typically extends to depths of 5 km, while the dike tops range from 0 km in the caldera region to 3 km at the northern end of the rift. Extension is accommodated by diking at depth and normal faulting in the shallowest crust. In the southern section of the Krafla rift, surface opening is 80% of the dike opening at depth. Over the 70–80 km length of the rift, the average dike opening was 4.3–5.4 m. From these estimates, we calculate the total geodetic moment released over the Krafla rift crisis, 4.4–9.0×10^(19) Nm, which is an order of magnitude higher than the seismic moment released over the same time period, ~5.8×10^(18) Nm. The total volume of magma added to the upper crust was 1.1–2.1×10^9m^3. This study highlights how optical image correlation using inexpensive declassified spy satellite and airphotos, combined with simple models of crustal deformation, can provide important constraints on the deformation resulting from past earthquake and volcanic events. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hollingsworth, J. Leprince, Sébastien Ayoub, François Avouac, Jean-Philippe |
spellingShingle |
Hollingsworth, J. Leprince, Sébastien Ayoub, François Avouac, Jean-Philippe New constraints on dike injection and fault slip during the 1975–1984 Krafla rift crisis, NE Iceland |
author_facet |
Hollingsworth, J. Leprince, Sébastien Ayoub, François Avouac, Jean-Philippe |
author_sort |
Hollingsworth, J. |
title |
New constraints on dike injection and fault slip during the 1975–1984 Krafla rift crisis, NE Iceland |
title_short |
New constraints on dike injection and fault slip during the 1975–1984 Krafla rift crisis, NE Iceland |
title_full |
New constraints on dike injection and fault slip during the 1975–1984 Krafla rift crisis, NE Iceland |
title_fullStr |
New constraints on dike injection and fault slip during the 1975–1984 Krafla rift crisis, NE Iceland |
title_full_unstemmed |
New constraints on dike injection and fault slip during the 1975–1984 Krafla rift crisis, NE Iceland |
title_sort |
new constraints on dike injection and fault slip during the 1975–1984 krafla rift crisis, ne iceland |
publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://authors.library.caltech.edu/42210/ https://authors.library.caltech.edu/42210/1/jgrb50223.pdf https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131104-085648056 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-16.747,-16.747,65.713,65.713) |
geographic |
Krafla |
geographic_facet |
Krafla |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_relation |
https://authors.library.caltech.edu/42210/1/jgrb50223.pdf Hollingsworth, J. and Leprince, Sébastien and Ayoub, François and Avouac, Jean-Philippe (2013) New constraints on dike injection and fault slip during the 1975–1984 Krafla rift crisis, NE Iceland. Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth, 118 (7). pp. 3707-3727. ISSN 2169-9313. doi:10.1002/jgrb.50223. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131104-085648056 <https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131104-085648056> |
op_rights |
other |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50223 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
container_volume |
118 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
3707 |
op_container_end_page |
3727 |
_version_ |
1766040907771019264 |