Deformation during the 1975–1984 Krafla rifting crisis, NE Iceland, measured from historical optical imagery
We measure the displacement field resulting from the 1975–1984 Krafla rifting crisis, NE Iceland, using optical image correlation. Images are processed using the COSI-Corr software package. Surface extension is accommodated on normal faults and fissures which bound the rift zone, in response to dike...
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American Geophysical Union
2012
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ftcaltechauth:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:36304 2023-05-15T16:48:30+02:00 Deformation during the 1975–1984 Krafla rifting crisis, NE Iceland, measured from historical optical imagery Hollingsworth, James Leprince, Sébastien Ayoub, François Avouac, Jean-Philippe 2012-11-14 application/pdf https://authors.library.caltech.edu/36304/ https://authors.library.caltech.edu/36304/1/2012JB009140.pdf https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130110-140710735 en eng American Geophysical Union https://authors.library.caltech.edu/36304/1/2012JB009140.pdf Hollingsworth, James and Leprince, Sébastien and Ayoub, François and Avouac, Jean-Philippe (2012) Deformation during the 1975–1984 Krafla rifting crisis, NE Iceland, measured from historical optical imagery. Journal of Geophysical Research B, 117 (B11). Art. No. B11407. ISSN 0148-0227. doi:10.1029/2012JB009140. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130110-140710735 <https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130110-140710735> other Article PeerReviewed 2012 ftcaltechauth https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JB009140 2021-11-11T18:52:27Z We measure the displacement field resulting from the 1975–1984 Krafla rifting crisis, NE Iceland, using optical image correlation. Images are processed using the COSI-Corr software package. Surface extension is accommodated on normal faults and fissures which bound the rift zone, in response to dike injection at depth. Correlation of declassified KH-9 spy and SPOT5 satellite images reveals extension between 1977–2002 (2.5 m average opening over 80 km), while correlation of aerial photos between 1957–1990 provide measurements of the total extension (average 4.3 m opening over 80 km). Our results show ∼8 m of opening immediately north of Krafla caldera, decreasing to 3–4 m at the northern end of the rift. Correlation of aerial photos from 1957–1976 reveal a bi-modal pattern of opening along the rift during the early crisis, which may indicate either two different magma sources located at either end of the rift zone (a similar pattern of opening was observed in the 2005 Afar rift crisis in East Africa), or variations in rock strength along the rift. Our results provide new information on how past dike injection events accommodate long-term plate spreading, as well as providing more details on the Krafla rift crisis. This study also highlights the potential of optical image correlation using inexpensive declassified spy satellite and aerial photos to measure deformation of the Earth's surface going back many decades, thus providing a new tool for measuring Earth surface dynamics, e.g. glaciers, landsliding, coastal erosion, volcano monitoring and earthquake studies, when InSAR and GPS data are not available. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Caltech Authors (California Institute of Technology) Krafla ENVELOPE(-16.747,-16.747,65.713,65.713) Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 117 B11 n/a n/a |
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Open Polar |
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Caltech Authors (California Institute of Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftcaltechauth |
language |
English |
description |
We measure the displacement field resulting from the 1975–1984 Krafla rifting crisis, NE Iceland, using optical image correlation. Images are processed using the COSI-Corr software package. Surface extension is accommodated on normal faults and fissures which bound the rift zone, in response to dike injection at depth. Correlation of declassified KH-9 spy and SPOT5 satellite images reveals extension between 1977–2002 (2.5 m average opening over 80 km), while correlation of aerial photos between 1957–1990 provide measurements of the total extension (average 4.3 m opening over 80 km). Our results show ∼8 m of opening immediately north of Krafla caldera, decreasing to 3–4 m at the northern end of the rift. Correlation of aerial photos from 1957–1976 reveal a bi-modal pattern of opening along the rift during the early crisis, which may indicate either two different magma sources located at either end of the rift zone (a similar pattern of opening was observed in the 2005 Afar rift crisis in East Africa), or variations in rock strength along the rift. Our results provide new information on how past dike injection events accommodate long-term plate spreading, as well as providing more details on the Krafla rift crisis. This study also highlights the potential of optical image correlation using inexpensive declassified spy satellite and aerial photos to measure deformation of the Earth's surface going back many decades, thus providing a new tool for measuring Earth surface dynamics, e.g. glaciers, landsliding, coastal erosion, volcano monitoring and earthquake studies, when InSAR and GPS data are not available. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hollingsworth, James Leprince, Sébastien Ayoub, François Avouac, Jean-Philippe |
spellingShingle |
Hollingsworth, James Leprince, Sébastien Ayoub, François Avouac, Jean-Philippe Deformation during the 1975–1984 Krafla rifting crisis, NE Iceland, measured from historical optical imagery |
author_facet |
Hollingsworth, James Leprince, Sébastien Ayoub, François Avouac, Jean-Philippe |
author_sort |
Hollingsworth, James |
title |
Deformation during the 1975–1984 Krafla rifting crisis, NE Iceland, measured from historical optical imagery |
title_short |
Deformation during the 1975–1984 Krafla rifting crisis, NE Iceland, measured from historical optical imagery |
title_full |
Deformation during the 1975–1984 Krafla rifting crisis, NE Iceland, measured from historical optical imagery |
title_fullStr |
Deformation during the 1975–1984 Krafla rifting crisis, NE Iceland, measured from historical optical imagery |
title_full_unstemmed |
Deformation during the 1975–1984 Krafla rifting crisis, NE Iceland, measured from historical optical imagery |
title_sort |
deformation during the 1975–1984 krafla rifting crisis, ne iceland, measured from historical optical imagery |
publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://authors.library.caltech.edu/36304/ https://authors.library.caltech.edu/36304/1/2012JB009140.pdf https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130110-140710735 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-16.747,-16.747,65.713,65.713) |
geographic |
Krafla |
geographic_facet |
Krafla |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_relation |
https://authors.library.caltech.edu/36304/1/2012JB009140.pdf Hollingsworth, James and Leprince, Sébastien and Ayoub, François and Avouac, Jean-Philippe (2012) Deformation during the 1975–1984 Krafla rifting crisis, NE Iceland, measured from historical optical imagery. Journal of Geophysical Research B, 117 (B11). Art. No. B11407. ISSN 0148-0227. doi:10.1029/2012JB009140. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130110-140710735 <https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130110-140710735> |
op_rights |
other |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JB009140 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
container_volume |
117 |
container_issue |
B11 |
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n/a |
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n/a |
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1766038585253822464 |