The Effects of 4-Nonylphenol on the Immune Response of the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, Following Bacterial Infection (Vibrio campbellii)
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that can interfere with hormone signaling pathways and are now recognized as pervasive in estuarine and marine waters. One prevalent EDC in California’s coastal waters is the xenoestrogen 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), which has been shown to impair reprodu...
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ftcalpoly:oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:theses-2751 2023-11-12T04:16:07+01:00 The Effects of 4-Nonylphenol on the Immune Response of the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, Following Bacterial Infection (Vibrio campbellii) Hart, Courtney 2016-08-01T07:00:00Z application/pdf https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1609 https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2016.120 https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/context/theses/article/2751/viewcontent/auto_convert.pdf unknown DigitalCommons@CalPoly https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1609 doi:10.15368/theses.2016.120 https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/context/theses/article/2751/viewcontent/auto_convert.pdf Master's Theses Crassostrea gigas endocrine disrupting chemicals 4-nonylphenol immunotoxicology hemocyte gene expression lysozyme transcriptomics Integrative Biology text 2016 ftcalpoly https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2016.120 2023-10-17T10:34:34Z Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that can interfere with hormone signaling pathways and are now recognized as pervasive in estuarine and marine waters. One prevalent EDC in California’s coastal waters is the xenoestrogen 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), which has been shown to impair reproduction, development, growth, and in some cases immune function of marine invertebrates. To further investigate effects of 4-NP on marine invertebrate immune function we measured total hemocyte counts (THC), relative transcript abundance of immune-relevant genes, and lysozyme activity in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) following bacterial infection. To quantify these effects we exposed oysters to dissolved phase 4-NP at high (100 μg l-1), low (2 μg l-1), or control (100 μl ethanol) concentrations for 7 days, and then experimentally infected (via injection into the adductor muscle) the oysters with the marine bacterium Vibrio campbellii. 4-NP significantly altered the effects of bacterial infection had on THC. Oysters exposed to both high and low 4-NP did not experience a bacteria-induced increase in THC, as seen in control oysters. We also determined that V. campbellii infection induced differential expression of a subset of immune-related genes tested (Cg-bigdef2, Cg-bpi1, Cg-lys1, Cg-timp) in some, but not all, tissues; 4-NP exposure altered expression patterns in two of these genes (Cg-bpi1 and Cg-tgase). Exposure to 4-NP alone also caused differential expression in some genes (Cg-bpi1, Cg-galectin1, Cg-clec2). Lastly, low levels of 4-NP significantly increased lysozyme activity 24 h post-infection. These results suggest that exposure to 4-NP can alter both cellular and humoral immune responses to bacterial infection in C. gigas. Text Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster DigitalCommons@CalPoly (California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo) Pacific |
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DigitalCommons@CalPoly (California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo) |
op_collection_id |
ftcalpoly |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Crassostrea gigas endocrine disrupting chemicals 4-nonylphenol immunotoxicology hemocyte gene expression lysozyme transcriptomics Integrative Biology |
spellingShingle |
Crassostrea gigas endocrine disrupting chemicals 4-nonylphenol immunotoxicology hemocyte gene expression lysozyme transcriptomics Integrative Biology Hart, Courtney The Effects of 4-Nonylphenol on the Immune Response of the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, Following Bacterial Infection (Vibrio campbellii) |
topic_facet |
Crassostrea gigas endocrine disrupting chemicals 4-nonylphenol immunotoxicology hemocyte gene expression lysozyme transcriptomics Integrative Biology |
description |
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that can interfere with hormone signaling pathways and are now recognized as pervasive in estuarine and marine waters. One prevalent EDC in California’s coastal waters is the xenoestrogen 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), which has been shown to impair reproduction, development, growth, and in some cases immune function of marine invertebrates. To further investigate effects of 4-NP on marine invertebrate immune function we measured total hemocyte counts (THC), relative transcript abundance of immune-relevant genes, and lysozyme activity in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) following bacterial infection. To quantify these effects we exposed oysters to dissolved phase 4-NP at high (100 μg l-1), low (2 μg l-1), or control (100 μl ethanol) concentrations for 7 days, and then experimentally infected (via injection into the adductor muscle) the oysters with the marine bacterium Vibrio campbellii. 4-NP significantly altered the effects of bacterial infection had on THC. Oysters exposed to both high and low 4-NP did not experience a bacteria-induced increase in THC, as seen in control oysters. We also determined that V. campbellii infection induced differential expression of a subset of immune-related genes tested (Cg-bigdef2, Cg-bpi1, Cg-lys1, Cg-timp) in some, but not all, tissues; 4-NP exposure altered expression patterns in two of these genes (Cg-bpi1 and Cg-tgase). Exposure to 4-NP alone also caused differential expression in some genes (Cg-bpi1, Cg-galectin1, Cg-clec2). Lastly, low levels of 4-NP significantly increased lysozyme activity 24 h post-infection. These results suggest that exposure to 4-NP can alter both cellular and humoral immune responses to bacterial infection in C. gigas. |
format |
Text |
author |
Hart, Courtney |
author_facet |
Hart, Courtney |
author_sort |
Hart, Courtney |
title |
The Effects of 4-Nonylphenol on the Immune Response of the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, Following Bacterial Infection (Vibrio campbellii) |
title_short |
The Effects of 4-Nonylphenol on the Immune Response of the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, Following Bacterial Infection (Vibrio campbellii) |
title_full |
The Effects of 4-Nonylphenol on the Immune Response of the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, Following Bacterial Infection (Vibrio campbellii) |
title_fullStr |
The Effects of 4-Nonylphenol on the Immune Response of the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, Following Bacterial Infection (Vibrio campbellii) |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Effects of 4-Nonylphenol on the Immune Response of the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, Following Bacterial Infection (Vibrio campbellii) |
title_sort |
effects of 4-nonylphenol on the immune response of the pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas, following bacterial infection (vibrio campbellii) |
publisher |
DigitalCommons@CalPoly |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1609 https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2016.120 https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/context/theses/article/2751/viewcontent/auto_convert.pdf |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster |
genre_facet |
Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster |
op_source |
Master's Theses |
op_relation |
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1609 doi:10.15368/theses.2016.120 https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/context/theses/article/2751/viewcontent/auto_convert.pdf |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2016.120 |
_version_ |
1782333290222452736 |