Combined effects of ocean acidification with water flow and temperature on tropical non-calcareous macroalgae

• Main Author: Ho, Maureen
• Other Authors: Carpenter, Robert C, Allen, Larry G, Edmunds, Peter J, Shaw, Emily
• Format: Master Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: California State University, Northridge 2016
• Subjects: Relative growth rate; Photosynthesis and respiration; Temperature; Carbon acquisition; Coral-algal competition; Dissertations; Academic > CSUN > Biology; Dissolve inorganic carbon; Water flow; Ocean acidification; Non-calcifying macroalgae
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/176045

The vulnerability of coral reefs has substantially increased in the past few decades due to accelerating human-driven global change. The effects of ocean acidification (OA) and global warming individually and interactively have resulted in varying degrees of responses in benthic reef organisms. For non-calcareous macroalgae, the physiological and ecological responses to physical environmental changes can alter their relative abundances, which are often used as an indicator of the overall coral reef status. To better understand how fleshy macroalgae will respond to various physical parameters, three separate experiments were conducted from June 2014 to July 2015 in Moorea, French Polynesia. An important physical driver in transferring nutrients and dissolved gases to benthic reef organisms is water motion. In 2014, I tested the hypothesis that increased water motion and elevated pCO2 would benefit Amansia rhodantha (a CO2 user) more than Dictyota bartayresiana and Lobophora variegata (HCO3- users). The highest and lowest growth rates were at the intermediate and highest flow speed, respectively, for all three species. A. rhodantha exhibited the greatest reduction in biomass at reduced flow under ambient pCO2, indicating high sensitivity to mass transfer and carbon limitation. In 2015, the interactive effects of temperature and OA were tested in a two-part study on the metabolic (i.e. photosynthesis and respiration) and growth responses of D. bartayresiana and A. rhodantha. The first study in January 2015 showed that net photosynthesis in both species was affected by high pCO2 but not temperature, and the combination of temperature and OA affected respiration rates. In the second study in July 2015, metabolic rates were affected by temperature but not pCO2. Net photosynthesis and respiration of A. rhodantha were highest under OA conditions at 27.5 ºC, but were reduced at 30 ºC. There was no effect on metabolic rates of D. bartayresiana across all temperature treatments. The relative growth rates for D. ...