Genomic Analysis of Nematode-Environment Interaction

• Main Author: Adhikari, Bishwo
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: BYU ScholarsArchive 2010
• Subjects: Plectus murrayi; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora; Scottnema lindsayae; stress survival; complementary DNA library; subtractive hybridization; comparative transcriptomics; transcriptional profiling; functional analysis; Antarctic nematode; desiccation; anhydrobiosis; stoichiometry; McMurdo Dry Valleys; quantative real-time polymerase chain reaction; microarray analysis; trait deterioration; Biology; Antarctic; The Antarctic; Antarc*
• Online Access: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2578; https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/context/etd/article/3577/viewcontent/ETD_CISOPTR_2612.pdf

The natural environments of organisms present a multitude of biotic and abiotic challenges that require both short-term ecological and long-term evolutionary responses. Though most environmental response studies have focused on effects at the ecosystem, community and organismal levels, the ultimate controls of these responses are located in the genome of the organism. Soil nematodes are highly responsive to, and display a wide variety of responses to changing environmental conditions, making them ideal models for the study of organismal interactions with their environment. In an attempt to examine responses to environmental stress (desiccation and freezing), genomic level analyses of gene expression during anhydrobiosis of the Antarctic nematode Plectus murrayi was undertaken. An EST library representative of the desiccation induced transcripts was established and the transcripts differentially expressed during desiccation stress were identified. The expressed genome of P. murrayi showed that desiccation survival in nematodes involves differential expression of a suite of genes from diverse functional areas, and constitutive expression of a number of stress related genes. My study also revealed that exposure to slow desiccation and freezing plays an important role in the transcription of stress related genes, improves desiccation and freezing survival of nematodes. Deterioration of traits essential for biological control has been recognized in diverse biological control agents including insect pathogenic nematodes. I studied the genetic mechanisms behind such deterioration using expression profiling. My results showed that trait deterioration of insect pathogenic nematode induces substantial overall changes in the nematode transcriptome and exhibits a general pattern of metabolic shift causing massive changes in metabolic and other processes. Finally, through field observations and molecular laboratory experiments the validity of the growth rate hypothesis in natural populations of Antarctic nematodes was ...