MALDI-TOF MS spectra of archaeological whale bone specimens from Atlantic Europe
Abstract Whale bones are regularly found during archaeological excavations. Identification of these specimens to taxonomic levels is problematic due to their fragmented state. This lack of taxonomic resolution limits understanding of the past spatiotemporal distributions of whale populations and rec...
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2023
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ftborealisdata:doi:10.5683/SP3/PQIIH5 2023-10-09T21:51:15+02:00 MALDI-TOF MS spectra of archaeological whale bone specimens from Atlantic Europe van den Hurk, Youri Sikström, Fanny Amkreutz, Luc Bleasdale, Madeleine Borvon, Aurélia Ephrem, Brice Fernández-Rodríguez, Carlos Gibbs, Hannah Johnsson, Leif Lehouck, Alexander Martínez Cedeira, Jose Meng, Stefan Monge Soares, Rui Moreno, Marta Nabais, Mariana Nores, Carlos Pis Millán, José Antonio Riddler, Ian Schmölcke, Ulrich Segschneider, Martin Speller, Camilla Vretemark, Maria Wickler, Stephen Collins, Matthew Nadeau, Marie-Josée Barrett, James 2023-09-21 https://doi.org/10.5683/SP3/PQIIH5 unknown Borealis https://doi.org/10.5683/SP3/PQIIH5 Other zooarchaeology collagen fingerprinting (ZooMS) Whales cetacean 2023 ftborealisdata https://doi.org/10.5683/SP3/PQIIH5 2023-09-24T17:51:18Z Abstract Whale bones are regularly found during archaeological excavations. Identification of these specimens to taxonomic levels is problematic due to their fragmented state. This lack of taxonomic resolution limits understanding of the past spatiotemporal distributions of whale populations and reconstructions of early whaling activities. To overcome this challenge, we performed Zooarchaeology by Mass-Spectrometry on an unprecedented selection of 719 archaeological and palaeontological specimens of probable whale bone from Atlantic European contexts, from the Middle to Late Neolithic (c.3500–2500 BCE) to the eighteenth century CE. The results show high numbers of Balaenidae (most likely North Atlantic right whale ( Eubalaena glacialis )) and grey whale ( Eschrichtius robustus ) specimens, two species no longer present in the eastern North Atlantic. Many of these specimens derive from contexts associated with the known medieval whaling cultures of the Basques, northern Spaniards, Normans, Flemish, Frisians, Anglo-Saxons, and Scandinavians. This association raises the likelihood that pre-industrial whaling impacted these taxa, contributing to their extinction and extirpation respectively. Much lower numbers of other large whale taxa were identified, suggesting that it was once abundant and accessible whales that suffered the greatest long-term impact. The pattern of natural abundance leading to over-exploitation, well-documented for other taxa, is thus applicable to early whaling. Methods Whale bone samples were taken using a ©Dremel rotary tool removing a small piece of bone weighing up to c.500 mg. For 474 specimens, collagen was extracted using a modified Longin (1971) method as detailed in Seiler et al. (2019), with the addition of a lipid extraction step and the use of a higher acid concentration, at the National Laboratory for Age Determination, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway. Initially, the samples were crushed into small pieces and cleaned in an ultrasonic bath with 18.2 MΩ-cm ... Other/Unknown Material Eubalaena glacialis North Atlantic North Atlantic right whale Borealis Norway |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Borealis |
op_collection_id |
ftborealisdata |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Other zooarchaeology collagen fingerprinting (ZooMS) Whales cetacean |
spellingShingle |
Other zooarchaeology collagen fingerprinting (ZooMS) Whales cetacean van den Hurk, Youri Sikström, Fanny Amkreutz, Luc Bleasdale, Madeleine Borvon, Aurélia Ephrem, Brice Fernández-Rodríguez, Carlos Gibbs, Hannah Johnsson, Leif Lehouck, Alexander Martínez Cedeira, Jose Meng, Stefan Monge Soares, Rui Moreno, Marta Nabais, Mariana Nores, Carlos Pis Millán, José Antonio Riddler, Ian Schmölcke, Ulrich Segschneider, Martin Speller, Camilla Vretemark, Maria Wickler, Stephen Collins, Matthew Nadeau, Marie-Josée Barrett, James MALDI-TOF MS spectra of archaeological whale bone specimens from Atlantic Europe |
topic_facet |
Other zooarchaeology collagen fingerprinting (ZooMS) Whales cetacean |
description |
Abstract Whale bones are regularly found during archaeological excavations. Identification of these specimens to taxonomic levels is problematic due to their fragmented state. This lack of taxonomic resolution limits understanding of the past spatiotemporal distributions of whale populations and reconstructions of early whaling activities. To overcome this challenge, we performed Zooarchaeology by Mass-Spectrometry on an unprecedented selection of 719 archaeological and palaeontological specimens of probable whale bone from Atlantic European contexts, from the Middle to Late Neolithic (c.3500–2500 BCE) to the eighteenth century CE. The results show high numbers of Balaenidae (most likely North Atlantic right whale ( Eubalaena glacialis )) and grey whale ( Eschrichtius robustus ) specimens, two species no longer present in the eastern North Atlantic. Many of these specimens derive from contexts associated with the known medieval whaling cultures of the Basques, northern Spaniards, Normans, Flemish, Frisians, Anglo-Saxons, and Scandinavians. This association raises the likelihood that pre-industrial whaling impacted these taxa, contributing to their extinction and extirpation respectively. Much lower numbers of other large whale taxa were identified, suggesting that it was once abundant and accessible whales that suffered the greatest long-term impact. The pattern of natural abundance leading to over-exploitation, well-documented for other taxa, is thus applicable to early whaling. Methods Whale bone samples were taken using a ©Dremel rotary tool removing a small piece of bone weighing up to c.500 mg. For 474 specimens, collagen was extracted using a modified Longin (1971) method as detailed in Seiler et al. (2019), with the addition of a lipid extraction step and the use of a higher acid concentration, at the National Laboratory for Age Determination, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway. Initially, the samples were crushed into small pieces and cleaned in an ultrasonic bath with 18.2 MΩ-cm ... |
author |
van den Hurk, Youri Sikström, Fanny Amkreutz, Luc Bleasdale, Madeleine Borvon, Aurélia Ephrem, Brice Fernández-Rodríguez, Carlos Gibbs, Hannah Johnsson, Leif Lehouck, Alexander Martínez Cedeira, Jose Meng, Stefan Monge Soares, Rui Moreno, Marta Nabais, Mariana Nores, Carlos Pis Millán, José Antonio Riddler, Ian Schmölcke, Ulrich Segschneider, Martin Speller, Camilla Vretemark, Maria Wickler, Stephen Collins, Matthew Nadeau, Marie-Josée Barrett, James |
author_facet |
van den Hurk, Youri Sikström, Fanny Amkreutz, Luc Bleasdale, Madeleine Borvon, Aurélia Ephrem, Brice Fernández-Rodríguez, Carlos Gibbs, Hannah Johnsson, Leif Lehouck, Alexander Martínez Cedeira, Jose Meng, Stefan Monge Soares, Rui Moreno, Marta Nabais, Mariana Nores, Carlos Pis Millán, José Antonio Riddler, Ian Schmölcke, Ulrich Segschneider, Martin Speller, Camilla Vretemark, Maria Wickler, Stephen Collins, Matthew Nadeau, Marie-Josée Barrett, James |
author_sort |
van den Hurk, Youri |
title |
MALDI-TOF MS spectra of archaeological whale bone specimens from Atlantic Europe |
title_short |
MALDI-TOF MS spectra of archaeological whale bone specimens from Atlantic Europe |
title_full |
MALDI-TOF MS spectra of archaeological whale bone specimens from Atlantic Europe |
title_fullStr |
MALDI-TOF MS spectra of archaeological whale bone specimens from Atlantic Europe |
title_full_unstemmed |
MALDI-TOF MS spectra of archaeological whale bone specimens from Atlantic Europe |
title_sort |
maldi-tof ms spectra of archaeological whale bone specimens from atlantic europe |
publisher |
Borealis |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5683/SP3/PQIIH5 |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Eubalaena glacialis North Atlantic North Atlantic right whale |
genre_facet |
Eubalaena glacialis North Atlantic North Atlantic right whale |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.5683/SP3/PQIIH5 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5683/SP3/PQIIH5 |
_version_ |
1779314361297272832 |