Quantifying gas emissions from the "Millennium Eruption" of Paektu volcano, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea/China
Paektu volcano (Changbaishan) is a rhyolitic caldera that straddles the border between the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and China. Its most recent large eruption was the Millennium Eruption (ME; 23 km3 dense rock equivalent) circa 946 CE, which resulted in the release of copious magmatic vo...
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ftbirkbeckcoll:oai:eprints.bbk.ac.uk.oai2:17912 2023-05-15T16:29:46+02:00 Quantifying gas emissions from the "Millennium Eruption" of Paektu volcano, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea/China Iacovino, K. Ju-Song, K. Sisson, T. Lowenstern, J. Kuk-Hun, R. Jong-Nam, J. Kun-Ho, S. Song-Hwan, H. Oppenheimer, C. Hammond, James O.S. Donovan, A. Liu, K.W. Kum-Ran, R. 2016-11-30 text https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/17912/ https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/17912/1/e1600913.full.pdf https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600913 en eng American Association for the Advancement of Science https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/17912/1/e1600913.full.pdf Iacovino, K. and Ju-Song, K. and Sisson, T. and Lowenstern, J. and Kuk-Hun, R. and Jong-Nam, J. and Kun-Ho, S. and Song-Hwan, H. and Oppenheimer, C. and Hammond, James O.S. and Donovan, A. and Liu, K.W. and Kum-Ran, R. (2016) Quantifying gas emissions from the "Millennium Eruption" of Paektu volcano, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea/China. Science Advances 2 (11), e1600913-e1600913. ISSN 2375-2548. cc_by_4 CC-BY UCL/Birkbeck Centre for Planetary Sciences Earth and Planetary Sciences Article PeerReviewed 2016 ftbirkbeckcoll https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600913 2022-01-09T08:59:55Z Paektu volcano (Changbaishan) is a rhyolitic caldera that straddles the border between the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and China. Its most recent large eruption was the Millennium Eruption (ME; 23 km3 dense rock equivalent) circa 946 CE, which resulted in the release of copious magmatic volatiles (H2O, CO2, sulfur, and halogens). Accurate quantification of volatile yield and composition is critical in assessing volcanogenic climate impacts but is challenging, particularly for events before the satellite era. We use a geochemical technique to quantify volatile composition and upper bounds to yields for the ME by examining trends in incompatible trace and volatile element concentrations in crystal-hosted melt inclusions. We estimate that the ME could have emitted as much as 45 Tg of S to the atmosphere. This is greater than the quantity of S released by the 1815 eruption of Tambora, which contributed to the “year without a summer.” Our maximum gas yield estimates place the ME among the strongest emitters of climate-forcing gases in the Common Era. However, ice cores from Greenland record only a relatively weak sulfate signal attributed to the ME. We suggest that other factors came into play in minimizing the glaciochemical signature. This paradoxical case in which high S emissions do not result in a strong glacial sulfate signal may present a way forward in building more generalized models for interpreting which volcanic eruptions have produced large climate impacts. Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland BIROn - Birkbeck Institutional Research Online (Birkbeck University of London) Greenland Science Advances 2 11 e1600913 |
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BIROn - Birkbeck Institutional Research Online (Birkbeck University of London) |
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ftbirkbeckcoll |
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English |
topic |
UCL/Birkbeck Centre for Planetary Sciences Earth and Planetary Sciences |
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UCL/Birkbeck Centre for Planetary Sciences Earth and Planetary Sciences Iacovino, K. Ju-Song, K. Sisson, T. Lowenstern, J. Kuk-Hun, R. Jong-Nam, J. Kun-Ho, S. Song-Hwan, H. Oppenheimer, C. Hammond, James O.S. Donovan, A. Liu, K.W. Kum-Ran, R. Quantifying gas emissions from the "Millennium Eruption" of Paektu volcano, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea/China |
topic_facet |
UCL/Birkbeck Centre for Planetary Sciences Earth and Planetary Sciences |
description |
Paektu volcano (Changbaishan) is a rhyolitic caldera that straddles the border between the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and China. Its most recent large eruption was the Millennium Eruption (ME; 23 km3 dense rock equivalent) circa 946 CE, which resulted in the release of copious magmatic volatiles (H2O, CO2, sulfur, and halogens). Accurate quantification of volatile yield and composition is critical in assessing volcanogenic climate impacts but is challenging, particularly for events before the satellite era. We use a geochemical technique to quantify volatile composition and upper bounds to yields for the ME by examining trends in incompatible trace and volatile element concentrations in crystal-hosted melt inclusions. We estimate that the ME could have emitted as much as 45 Tg of S to the atmosphere. This is greater than the quantity of S released by the 1815 eruption of Tambora, which contributed to the “year without a summer.” Our maximum gas yield estimates place the ME among the strongest emitters of climate-forcing gases in the Common Era. However, ice cores from Greenland record only a relatively weak sulfate signal attributed to the ME. We suggest that other factors came into play in minimizing the glaciochemical signature. This paradoxical case in which high S emissions do not result in a strong glacial sulfate signal may present a way forward in building more generalized models for interpreting which volcanic eruptions have produced large climate impacts. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Iacovino, K. Ju-Song, K. Sisson, T. Lowenstern, J. Kuk-Hun, R. Jong-Nam, J. Kun-Ho, S. Song-Hwan, H. Oppenheimer, C. Hammond, James O.S. Donovan, A. Liu, K.W. Kum-Ran, R. |
author_facet |
Iacovino, K. Ju-Song, K. Sisson, T. Lowenstern, J. Kuk-Hun, R. Jong-Nam, J. Kun-Ho, S. Song-Hwan, H. Oppenheimer, C. Hammond, James O.S. Donovan, A. Liu, K.W. Kum-Ran, R. |
author_sort |
Iacovino, K. |
title |
Quantifying gas emissions from the "Millennium Eruption" of Paektu volcano, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea/China |
title_short |
Quantifying gas emissions from the "Millennium Eruption" of Paektu volcano, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea/China |
title_full |
Quantifying gas emissions from the "Millennium Eruption" of Paektu volcano, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea/China |
title_fullStr |
Quantifying gas emissions from the "Millennium Eruption" of Paektu volcano, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea/China |
title_full_unstemmed |
Quantifying gas emissions from the "Millennium Eruption" of Paektu volcano, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea/China |
title_sort |
quantifying gas emissions from the "millennium eruption" of paektu volcano, democratic peoples republic of korea/china |
publisher |
American Association for the Advancement of Science |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/17912/ https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/17912/1/e1600913.full.pdf https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600913 |
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Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
Greenland |
genre_facet |
Greenland |
op_relation |
https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/17912/1/e1600913.full.pdf Iacovino, K. and Ju-Song, K. and Sisson, T. and Lowenstern, J. and Kuk-Hun, R. and Jong-Nam, J. and Kun-Ho, S. and Song-Hwan, H. and Oppenheimer, C. and Hammond, James O.S. and Donovan, A. and Liu, K.W. and Kum-Ran, R. (2016) Quantifying gas emissions from the "Millennium Eruption" of Paektu volcano, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea/China. Science Advances 2 (11), e1600913-e1600913. ISSN 2375-2548. |
op_rights |
cc_by_4 |
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CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600913 |
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Science Advances |
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2 |
container_issue |
11 |
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e1600913 |
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