SURVEY FOR EQUINE HERPESVIRUSES IN POLAR BEARS (URSUS MARITIMUS) AND EXOTIC EQUIDS HOUSED IN US AZA INSTITUTIONS
Infection by equine herpesvirus (EHV) strains (EHV-1, EHV-9) in ursid species, including polar bears (Ursus maritimus), has been associated with neurological disease and death. A serosurvey of captive exotic equid and polar bear populations in US Association of Zoos and Aquaria institutions was perf...
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American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
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ftbioone:10.1638/2016-0189.1 2023-07-30T04:07:25+02:00 SURVEY FOR EQUINE HERPESVIRUSES IN POLAR BEARS (URSUS MARITIMUS) AND EXOTIC EQUIDS HOUSED IN US AZA INSTITUTIONS John A. Flanders Raymund F. Wack Nicola Pusterla Samantha M. Mapes Darin Collins Kathryn C. Gamble John A. Flanders Raymund F. Wack Nicola Pusterla Samantha M. Mapes Darin Collins Kathryn C. Gamble world 2018-09-01 text/HTML https://doi.org/10.1638/2016-0189.1 en eng American Association of Zoo Veterinarians doi:10.1638/2016-0189.1 All rights reserved. https://doi.org/10.1638/2016-0189.1 Text 2018 ftbioone https://doi.org/10.1638/2016-0189.1 2023-07-09T10:51:57Z Infection by equine herpesvirus (EHV) strains (EHV-1, EHV-9) in ursid species, including polar bears (Ursus maritimus), has been associated with neurological disease and death. A serosurvey of captive exotic equid and polar bear populations in US Association of Zoos and Aquaria institutions was performed to determine the prevalence of EHV strains using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests. Equid species surveyed included zebra (Equus spp.), Przewalski's wild horse (Equus ferus przewalskii), Persian onager (Equus hemionus), and Somali wild ass (Equus africanus somaliensis). A questionnaire regarding husbandry and medical variables was distributed to institutions housing polar bears. No polar bears tested positive for EHVs on qPCR of blood or nasal swabs. No exotic equids tested positive for EHVs on qPCR of blood, but two exotic equids (n = 2/22; 9%) tested positive for EHVs on qPCR of nasal swabs. On ELISA, polar bears infrequently were positive for EHV-1 (n = 5/38; 13%). Exotic equids were positive for EHV-4 on ELISA more frequently (n = 30/43; 70%) than for EHV-1 (n = 8/43; 19%). Nine institutions submitted samples from both exotic equids and polar bears, two of which had both exotic equids and polar bears positive for EHVs by ELISA. Each of these institutions reported that the polar bear and exotic equid exhibits were within 80 m of each other and that risk factors for fomite transmission between exhibits based on husbandry practices were present. One institution that did not house exotic equids had a polar bear test positive for EHV-1 on ELISA, with no history of exposure to exotic equids. Further testing of captive polar bears and exotic equids is recommended, as is modification of husbandry practices to limit exposure of polar bears to exotic equids. Text Ursus maritimus BioOne Online Journals Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 49 3 599 608 |
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description |
Infection by equine herpesvirus (EHV) strains (EHV-1, EHV-9) in ursid species, including polar bears (Ursus maritimus), has been associated with neurological disease and death. A serosurvey of captive exotic equid and polar bear populations in US Association of Zoos and Aquaria institutions was performed to determine the prevalence of EHV strains using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests. Equid species surveyed included zebra (Equus spp.), Przewalski's wild horse (Equus ferus przewalskii), Persian onager (Equus hemionus), and Somali wild ass (Equus africanus somaliensis). A questionnaire regarding husbandry and medical variables was distributed to institutions housing polar bears. No polar bears tested positive for EHVs on qPCR of blood or nasal swabs. No exotic equids tested positive for EHVs on qPCR of blood, but two exotic equids (n = 2/22; 9%) tested positive for EHVs on qPCR of nasal swabs. On ELISA, polar bears infrequently were positive for EHV-1 (n = 5/38; 13%). Exotic equids were positive for EHV-4 on ELISA more frequently (n = 30/43; 70%) than for EHV-1 (n = 8/43; 19%). Nine institutions submitted samples from both exotic equids and polar bears, two of which had both exotic equids and polar bears positive for EHVs by ELISA. Each of these institutions reported that the polar bear and exotic equid exhibits were within 80 m of each other and that risk factors for fomite transmission between exhibits based on husbandry practices were present. One institution that did not house exotic equids had a polar bear test positive for EHV-1 on ELISA, with no history of exposure to exotic equids. Further testing of captive polar bears and exotic equids is recommended, as is modification of husbandry practices to limit exposure of polar bears to exotic equids. |
author2 |
John A. Flanders Raymund F. Wack Nicola Pusterla Samantha M. Mapes Darin Collins Kathryn C. Gamble |
format |
Text |
author |
John A. Flanders Raymund F. Wack Nicola Pusterla Samantha M. Mapes Darin Collins Kathryn C. Gamble |
spellingShingle |
John A. Flanders Raymund F. Wack Nicola Pusterla Samantha M. Mapes Darin Collins Kathryn C. Gamble SURVEY FOR EQUINE HERPESVIRUSES IN POLAR BEARS (URSUS MARITIMUS) AND EXOTIC EQUIDS HOUSED IN US AZA INSTITUTIONS |
author_facet |
John A. Flanders Raymund F. Wack Nicola Pusterla Samantha M. Mapes Darin Collins Kathryn C. Gamble |
author_sort |
John A. Flanders |
title |
SURVEY FOR EQUINE HERPESVIRUSES IN POLAR BEARS (URSUS MARITIMUS) AND EXOTIC EQUIDS HOUSED IN US AZA INSTITUTIONS |
title_short |
SURVEY FOR EQUINE HERPESVIRUSES IN POLAR BEARS (URSUS MARITIMUS) AND EXOTIC EQUIDS HOUSED IN US AZA INSTITUTIONS |
title_full |
SURVEY FOR EQUINE HERPESVIRUSES IN POLAR BEARS (URSUS MARITIMUS) AND EXOTIC EQUIDS HOUSED IN US AZA INSTITUTIONS |
title_fullStr |
SURVEY FOR EQUINE HERPESVIRUSES IN POLAR BEARS (URSUS MARITIMUS) AND EXOTIC EQUIDS HOUSED IN US AZA INSTITUTIONS |
title_full_unstemmed |
SURVEY FOR EQUINE HERPESVIRUSES IN POLAR BEARS (URSUS MARITIMUS) AND EXOTIC EQUIDS HOUSED IN US AZA INSTITUTIONS |
title_sort |
survey for equine herpesviruses in polar bears (ursus maritimus) and exotic equids housed in us aza institutions |
publisher |
American Association of Zoo Veterinarians |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1638/2016-0189.1 |
op_coverage |
world |
genre |
Ursus maritimus |
genre_facet |
Ursus maritimus |
op_source |
https://doi.org/10.1638/2016-0189.1 |
op_relation |
doi:10.1638/2016-0189.1 |
op_rights |
All rights reserved. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1638/2016-0189.1 |
container_title |
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine |
container_volume |
49 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
599 |
op_container_end_page |
608 |
_version_ |
1772820699136655360 |