Diagnosis and Treatment of Sarcocystis neurona in a Captive Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina)

• Published in: Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine
• Main Authors: Natalie D. Mylniczenko, Karen S. Kearns, Ann C. Melli
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: American Association of Zoo Veterinarians 2008
• Subjects: harbor seal; Phoca vitulina
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1638/2007-0141R.1

A captive harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) presented with partial anorexia, ataxia, and head bobbing, which progressed to complete anorexia, lethargy, and persistent whole-body intention tremors within several days. Response to treatment with ponazuril, serology, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis supported a diagnosis of Sarcocystis neurona. Analysis of serum levels for ponazuril indicated that therapeutic levels could be achieved at a dosage of 5 mg/kg p.o. s.i.d., whereas clinical response was improved at a dosage of 10 mg/kg. Several months after initiation of antiprotozoal therapy, the neurologic signs resolved, although rare intermittent tremors were seen with significant exertion.