Lessons from the Largest Epidemic of Avian Influenza Viruses in Taiwan, 2015
The largest epidemic of avian influenza (AI) in history attacked poultry and wild birds throughout Taiwan starting January 6, 2015. This study analyzed surveillance results, epidemiologic characteristics, and viral sequences by using government-released information, with the intention to provide rec...
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American Association of Avian Pathologists
2016
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1637/11168-051915-Reg |
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ftbioone:10.1637/11168-051915-Reg 2023-07-30T04:03:58+02:00 Lessons from the Largest Epidemic of Avian Influenza Viruses in Taiwan, 2015 Ching-Fen Chang Chwan-Chuen King Cho-Hua Wan Yun-Cheng Chang Ta-Chien Chan Chang-Chun David Lee Po-Hao Borris Chou Zheng-Rong Tiger Li Yao-Tsun Li Tzu-Jung Tseng Pei-Fen Lee Chuan-Hsiung Chang Ching-Fen Chang Chwan-Chuen King Cho-Hua Wan Yun-Cheng Chang Ta-Chien Chan Chang-Chun David Lee Po-Hao Borris Chou Zheng-Rong Tiger Li Yao-Tsun Li Tzu-Jung Tseng Pei-Fen Lee Chuan-Hsiung Chang world 2016-01-15 text/HTML https://doi.org/10.1637/11168-051915-Reg en eng American Association of Avian Pathologists doi:10.1637/11168-051915-Reg All rights reserved. https://doi.org/10.1637/11168-051915-Reg Text 2016 ftbioone https://doi.org/10.1637/11168-051915-Reg 2023-07-09T10:36:03Z The largest epidemic of avian influenza (AI) in history attacked poultry and wild birds throughout Taiwan starting January 6, 2015. This study analyzed surveillance results, epidemiologic characteristics, and viral sequences by using government-released information, with the intention to provide recommendations to minimize future pandemic influenza. The H5 clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic AI viruses (HPAIVs) had not been detected in Taiwan before 2015. During this epidemic, four types of etiologic agents were identified: the three novel subtypes H5N2, H5N8, and H5N3 clade 2.3.4.4 HPAIVs and one endemic chicken H5N2 subtype (Mexican-like lineage) of low pathogenic AI viruses. Cocirculation of mixed subtypes also occurred, with H5N2 clade 2.3.4.4 HPAIVs accompanied by the H5N8 and H5N3 subtypes or old H5N2 viruses in the same farm. More than 90% of domestic geese died from this AI epidemic; geese were affected the most at the early outbreaks. The epidemic peaked in mid-January for all three novel H5 subtypes. Spatial epidemiology found that most affected areas were located in southwestern coastal areas. In terrestrial poultry (mostly chickens), different geographic distributions of AI virus subtypes were detected, with hot spots of H5N2 clade 2.3.4.4 vs. past-endemic old H5N2 viruses in Changhwa (P = 0.03) and Yunlin (P = 0.007) counties, respectively, of central Taiwan. Phylogenetic and sequence analyses of all the early 10 Taiwan H5 clade 2.3.4.4 isolates covering the three subtypes showed that they were very different from the HA of the past local H5 viruses from domestic ducks (75%–80%) and chickens (70%–75%). However, they had the highest sequence identity percentages (99.53%–100%), with the HA of A/crane/Kagoshima/KU13/2014(H5N8) isolated on December 7, 2014, in Japan being higher than those of recent American and Korean H5 HPAIVs [A/Northern pintail/Washington/40964/2014 (H5N2) and A/gyrfalcon/Washington/41088-6/2014 (H5N8): 99.02%–99.54% and A/Baikal teal/Korea/Donglim3/2014 (H5N8): 98.61%–99.08%], implying ... Text gyrfalcon BioOne Online Journals Avian Diseases 60 1s 156 171 |
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English |
description |
The largest epidemic of avian influenza (AI) in history attacked poultry and wild birds throughout Taiwan starting January 6, 2015. This study analyzed surveillance results, epidemiologic characteristics, and viral sequences by using government-released information, with the intention to provide recommendations to minimize future pandemic influenza. The H5 clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic AI viruses (HPAIVs) had not been detected in Taiwan before 2015. During this epidemic, four types of etiologic agents were identified: the three novel subtypes H5N2, H5N8, and H5N3 clade 2.3.4.4 HPAIVs and one endemic chicken H5N2 subtype (Mexican-like lineage) of low pathogenic AI viruses. Cocirculation of mixed subtypes also occurred, with H5N2 clade 2.3.4.4 HPAIVs accompanied by the H5N8 and H5N3 subtypes or old H5N2 viruses in the same farm. More than 90% of domestic geese died from this AI epidemic; geese were affected the most at the early outbreaks. The epidemic peaked in mid-January for all three novel H5 subtypes. Spatial epidemiology found that most affected areas were located in southwestern coastal areas. In terrestrial poultry (mostly chickens), different geographic distributions of AI virus subtypes were detected, with hot spots of H5N2 clade 2.3.4.4 vs. past-endemic old H5N2 viruses in Changhwa (P = 0.03) and Yunlin (P = 0.007) counties, respectively, of central Taiwan. Phylogenetic and sequence analyses of all the early 10 Taiwan H5 clade 2.3.4.4 isolates covering the three subtypes showed that they were very different from the HA of the past local H5 viruses from domestic ducks (75%–80%) and chickens (70%–75%). However, they had the highest sequence identity percentages (99.53%–100%), with the HA of A/crane/Kagoshima/KU13/2014(H5N8) isolated on December 7, 2014, in Japan being higher than those of recent American and Korean H5 HPAIVs [A/Northern pintail/Washington/40964/2014 (H5N2) and A/gyrfalcon/Washington/41088-6/2014 (H5N8): 99.02%–99.54% and A/Baikal teal/Korea/Donglim3/2014 (H5N8): 98.61%–99.08%], implying ... |
author2 |
Ching-Fen Chang Chwan-Chuen King Cho-Hua Wan Yun-Cheng Chang Ta-Chien Chan Chang-Chun David Lee Po-Hao Borris Chou Zheng-Rong Tiger Li Yao-Tsun Li Tzu-Jung Tseng Pei-Fen Lee Chuan-Hsiung Chang |
format |
Text |
author |
Ching-Fen Chang Chwan-Chuen King Cho-Hua Wan Yun-Cheng Chang Ta-Chien Chan Chang-Chun David Lee Po-Hao Borris Chou Zheng-Rong Tiger Li Yao-Tsun Li Tzu-Jung Tseng Pei-Fen Lee Chuan-Hsiung Chang |
spellingShingle |
Ching-Fen Chang Chwan-Chuen King Cho-Hua Wan Yun-Cheng Chang Ta-Chien Chan Chang-Chun David Lee Po-Hao Borris Chou Zheng-Rong Tiger Li Yao-Tsun Li Tzu-Jung Tseng Pei-Fen Lee Chuan-Hsiung Chang Lessons from the Largest Epidemic of Avian Influenza Viruses in Taiwan, 2015 |
author_facet |
Ching-Fen Chang Chwan-Chuen King Cho-Hua Wan Yun-Cheng Chang Ta-Chien Chan Chang-Chun David Lee Po-Hao Borris Chou Zheng-Rong Tiger Li Yao-Tsun Li Tzu-Jung Tseng Pei-Fen Lee Chuan-Hsiung Chang |
author_sort |
Ching-Fen Chang |
title |
Lessons from the Largest Epidemic of Avian Influenza Viruses in Taiwan, 2015 |
title_short |
Lessons from the Largest Epidemic of Avian Influenza Viruses in Taiwan, 2015 |
title_full |
Lessons from the Largest Epidemic of Avian Influenza Viruses in Taiwan, 2015 |
title_fullStr |
Lessons from the Largest Epidemic of Avian Influenza Viruses in Taiwan, 2015 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Lessons from the Largest Epidemic of Avian Influenza Viruses in Taiwan, 2015 |
title_sort |
lessons from the largest epidemic of avian influenza viruses in taiwan, 2015 |
publisher |
American Association of Avian Pathologists |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1637/11168-051915-Reg |
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gyrfalcon |
op_source |
https://doi.org/10.1637/11168-051915-Reg |
op_relation |
doi:10.1637/11168-051915-Reg |
op_rights |
All rights reserved. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1637/11168-051915-Reg |
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Avian Diseases |
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60 |
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156 |
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171 |
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1772815124981088256 |