Effects of Changes in Climate on Landscape and Regional Processes, and Feedbacks to the Climate System
Biological and physical processes in the Arctic system operate at various temporal and spatial scales to impact large-scale feedbacks and interactions with the earth system. There are four main potential feedback mechanisms between the impacts of climate change on the Arctic and the global climate s...
Published in: | AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment |
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Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
2004
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ftbioone:10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.459 2023-07-30T03:55:42+02:00 Effects of Changes in Climate on Landscape and Regional Processes, and Feedbacks to the Climate System Terry V. Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Yuri Chernov Terry Chapin Torben R. Christensen Brian Huntley Rolf A. Ims Margareta Johansson Dyanna Jolly Sven Jonasson Nadya Matveyeva Nicolai Panikov Walter Oechel Gus Shaver Sibyll Schaphoff Stephen Sitch Terry V. Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Yuri Chernov Terry Chapin Torben R. Christensen Brian Huntley Rolf A. Ims Margareta Johansson Dyanna Jolly Sven Jonasson Nadya Matveyeva Nicolai Panikov Walter Oechel Gus Shaver Sibyll Schaphoff Stephen Sitch world 2004-11-01 text/HTML https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.459 en eng Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences doi:10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.459 All rights reserved. https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.459 Text 2004 ftbioone https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.459 2023-07-09T09:35:12Z Biological and physical processes in the Arctic system operate at various temporal and spatial scales to impact large-scale feedbacks and interactions with the earth system. There are four main potential feedback mechanisms between the impacts of climate change on the Arctic and the global climate system: albedo, greenhouse gas emissions or uptake by ecosystems, greenhouse gas emissions from methane hydrates, and increased freshwater fluxes that could affect the thermohaline circulation. All these feedbacks are controlled to some extent by changes in ecosystem distribution and character and particularly by large-scale movement of vegetation zones. Indications from a few, full annual measurements of CO2 fluxes are that currently the source areas exceed sink areas in geographical distribution. The little available information on CH4 sources indicates that emissions at the landscape level are of great importance for the total greenhouse balance of the circumpolar North. Energy and water balances of Arctic landscapes are also important feedback mechanisms in a changing climate. Increasing density and spatial expansion of vegetation will cause a lowering of the albedo and more energy to be absorbed on the ground. This effect is likely to exceed the negative feedback of increased C sequestration in greater primary productivity resulting from the displacements of areas of polar desert by tundra, and areas of tundra by forest. The degradation of permafrost has complex consequences for trace gas dynamics. In areas of discontinuous permafrost, warming, will lead to a complete loss of the permafrost. Depending on local hydrological conditions this may in turn lead to a wetting or drying of the environment with subsequent implications for greenhouse gas fluxes. Overall, the complex interactions between processes contributing to feedbacks, variability over time and space in these processes, and insufficient data have generated considerable uncertainties in estimating the net effects of climate change on terrestrial feedbacks ... Text albedo Arctic Climate change permafrost polar desert Tundra BioOne Online Journals Arctic AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 33 7 459 468 |
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Open Polar |
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BioOne Online Journals |
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ftbioone |
language |
English |
description |
Biological and physical processes in the Arctic system operate at various temporal and spatial scales to impact large-scale feedbacks and interactions with the earth system. There are four main potential feedback mechanisms between the impacts of climate change on the Arctic and the global climate system: albedo, greenhouse gas emissions or uptake by ecosystems, greenhouse gas emissions from methane hydrates, and increased freshwater fluxes that could affect the thermohaline circulation. All these feedbacks are controlled to some extent by changes in ecosystem distribution and character and particularly by large-scale movement of vegetation zones. Indications from a few, full annual measurements of CO2 fluxes are that currently the source areas exceed sink areas in geographical distribution. The little available information on CH4 sources indicates that emissions at the landscape level are of great importance for the total greenhouse balance of the circumpolar North. Energy and water balances of Arctic landscapes are also important feedback mechanisms in a changing climate. Increasing density and spatial expansion of vegetation will cause a lowering of the albedo and more energy to be absorbed on the ground. This effect is likely to exceed the negative feedback of increased C sequestration in greater primary productivity resulting from the displacements of areas of polar desert by tundra, and areas of tundra by forest. The degradation of permafrost has complex consequences for trace gas dynamics. In areas of discontinuous permafrost, warming, will lead to a complete loss of the permafrost. Depending on local hydrological conditions this may in turn lead to a wetting or drying of the environment with subsequent implications for greenhouse gas fluxes. Overall, the complex interactions between processes contributing to feedbacks, variability over time and space in these processes, and insufficient data have generated considerable uncertainties in estimating the net effects of climate change on terrestrial feedbacks ... |
author2 |
Terry V. Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Yuri Chernov Terry Chapin Torben R. Christensen Brian Huntley Rolf A. Ims Margareta Johansson Dyanna Jolly Sven Jonasson Nadya Matveyeva Nicolai Panikov Walter Oechel Gus Shaver Sibyll Schaphoff Stephen Sitch |
format |
Text |
author |
Terry V. Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Yuri Chernov Terry Chapin Torben R. Christensen Brian Huntley Rolf A. Ims Margareta Johansson Dyanna Jolly Sven Jonasson Nadya Matveyeva Nicolai Panikov Walter Oechel Gus Shaver Sibyll Schaphoff Stephen Sitch |
spellingShingle |
Terry V. Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Yuri Chernov Terry Chapin Torben R. Christensen Brian Huntley Rolf A. Ims Margareta Johansson Dyanna Jolly Sven Jonasson Nadya Matveyeva Nicolai Panikov Walter Oechel Gus Shaver Sibyll Schaphoff Stephen Sitch Effects of Changes in Climate on Landscape and Regional Processes, and Feedbacks to the Climate System |
author_facet |
Terry V. Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Yuri Chernov Terry Chapin Torben R. Christensen Brian Huntley Rolf A. Ims Margareta Johansson Dyanna Jolly Sven Jonasson Nadya Matveyeva Nicolai Panikov Walter Oechel Gus Shaver Sibyll Schaphoff Stephen Sitch |
author_sort |
Terry V. Callaghan |
title |
Effects of Changes in Climate on Landscape and Regional Processes, and Feedbacks to the Climate System |
title_short |
Effects of Changes in Climate on Landscape and Regional Processes, and Feedbacks to the Climate System |
title_full |
Effects of Changes in Climate on Landscape and Regional Processes, and Feedbacks to the Climate System |
title_fullStr |
Effects of Changes in Climate on Landscape and Regional Processes, and Feedbacks to the Climate System |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of Changes in Climate on Landscape and Regional Processes, and Feedbacks to the Climate System |
title_sort |
effects of changes in climate on landscape and regional processes, and feedbacks to the climate system |
publisher |
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |
publishDate |
2004 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.459 |
op_coverage |
world |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
albedo Arctic Climate change permafrost polar desert Tundra |
genre_facet |
albedo Arctic Climate change permafrost polar desert Tundra |
op_source |
https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.459 |
op_relation |
doi:10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.459 |
op_rights |
All rights reserved. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.459 |
container_title |
AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment |
container_volume |
33 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
459 |
op_container_end_page |
468 |
_version_ |
1772821244249374720 |