Effects on the Structure of Arctic Ecosystems in the Short- and Long-term Perspectives
Species individualistic responses to warming and increased UV-B radiation are moderated by the responses of neighbors within communities, and trophic interactions within ecosystems. All of these responses lead to changes in ecosystem structure. Experimental manipulation of environmental factors expe...
Published in: | AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment |
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Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
2004
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.436 |
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ftbioone:10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.436 2023-07-30T04:01:13+02:00 Effects on the Structure of Arctic Ecosystems in the Short- and Long-term Perspectives Terry V. Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Yuri Chernov Terry Chapin Torben R. Christensen Brian Huntley Rolf A. Ims Margareta Johansson Dyanna Jolly Sven Jonasson Nadya Matveyeva Nicolai Panikov Walter Oechel Gus Shaver Heikki Henttonen Terry V. Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Yuri Chernov Terry Chapin Torben R. Christensen Brian Huntley Rolf A. Ims Margareta Johansson Dyanna Jolly Sven Jonasson Nadya Matveyeva Nicolai Panikov Walter Oechel Gus Shaver Heikki Henttonen world 2004-11-01 text/HTML https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.436 en eng Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences doi:10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.436 All rights reserved. https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.436 Text 2004 ftbioone https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.436 2023-07-09T09:35:12Z Species individualistic responses to warming and increased UV-B radiation are moderated by the responses of neighbors within communities, and trophic interactions within ecosystems. All of these responses lead to changes in ecosystem structure. Experimental manipulation of environmental factors expected to change at high latitudes showed that summer warming of tundra vegetation has generally led to smaller changes than fertilizer addition. Some of the factors manipulated have strong effects on the structure of Arctic ecosystems but the effects vary regionally, with the greatest response of plant and invertebrate communities being observed at the coldest locations. Arctic invertebrate communities are very likely to respond rapidly to warming whereas microbial biomass and nutrient stocks are more stable. Experimentally enhanced UV-B radiation altered the community composition of gram-negative bacteria and fungi, but not that of plants. Increased plant productivity due to warmer summers may dominate food-web dynamics. Trophic interactions of tundra and sub-Arctic forest plant-based food webs are centered on a few dominant animal species which often have cyclic population fluctuations that lead to extremely high peak abundances in some years. Population cycles of small rodents and insect defoliators such as the autumn moth affect the structure and diversity of tundra and forest-tundra vegetation and the viability of a number of specialist predators and parasites. Ice crusting in warmer winters is likely to reduce the accessibility of plant food to lemmings, while deep snow may protect them from snowsurface predators. In Fennoscandia, there is evidence already for a pronounced shift in small rodent community structure and dynamics that have resulted in a decline of predators that specialize in feeding on small rodents. Climate is also likely to alter the role of insect pests in the birch forest system: warmer winters may increase survival of eggs and expand the range of the insects. Insects that harass reindeer in ... Text Arctic Fennoscandia Tundra BioOne Online Journals Arctic AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 33 7 436 447 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
BioOne Online Journals |
op_collection_id |
ftbioone |
language |
English |
description |
Species individualistic responses to warming and increased UV-B radiation are moderated by the responses of neighbors within communities, and trophic interactions within ecosystems. All of these responses lead to changes in ecosystem structure. Experimental manipulation of environmental factors expected to change at high latitudes showed that summer warming of tundra vegetation has generally led to smaller changes than fertilizer addition. Some of the factors manipulated have strong effects on the structure of Arctic ecosystems but the effects vary regionally, with the greatest response of plant and invertebrate communities being observed at the coldest locations. Arctic invertebrate communities are very likely to respond rapidly to warming whereas microbial biomass and nutrient stocks are more stable. Experimentally enhanced UV-B radiation altered the community composition of gram-negative bacteria and fungi, but not that of plants. Increased plant productivity due to warmer summers may dominate food-web dynamics. Trophic interactions of tundra and sub-Arctic forest plant-based food webs are centered on a few dominant animal species which often have cyclic population fluctuations that lead to extremely high peak abundances in some years. Population cycles of small rodents and insect defoliators such as the autumn moth affect the structure and diversity of tundra and forest-tundra vegetation and the viability of a number of specialist predators and parasites. Ice crusting in warmer winters is likely to reduce the accessibility of plant food to lemmings, while deep snow may protect them from snowsurface predators. In Fennoscandia, there is evidence already for a pronounced shift in small rodent community structure and dynamics that have resulted in a decline of predators that specialize in feeding on small rodents. Climate is also likely to alter the role of insect pests in the birch forest system: warmer winters may increase survival of eggs and expand the range of the insects. Insects that harass reindeer in ... |
author2 |
Terry V. Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Yuri Chernov Terry Chapin Torben R. Christensen Brian Huntley Rolf A. Ims Margareta Johansson Dyanna Jolly Sven Jonasson Nadya Matveyeva Nicolai Panikov Walter Oechel Gus Shaver Heikki Henttonen |
format |
Text |
author |
Terry V. Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Yuri Chernov Terry Chapin Torben R. Christensen Brian Huntley Rolf A. Ims Margareta Johansson Dyanna Jolly Sven Jonasson Nadya Matveyeva Nicolai Panikov Walter Oechel Gus Shaver Heikki Henttonen |
spellingShingle |
Terry V. Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Yuri Chernov Terry Chapin Torben R. Christensen Brian Huntley Rolf A. Ims Margareta Johansson Dyanna Jolly Sven Jonasson Nadya Matveyeva Nicolai Panikov Walter Oechel Gus Shaver Heikki Henttonen Effects on the Structure of Arctic Ecosystems in the Short- and Long-term Perspectives |
author_facet |
Terry V. Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Yuri Chernov Terry Chapin Torben R. Christensen Brian Huntley Rolf A. Ims Margareta Johansson Dyanna Jolly Sven Jonasson Nadya Matveyeva Nicolai Panikov Walter Oechel Gus Shaver Heikki Henttonen |
author_sort |
Terry V. Callaghan |
title |
Effects on the Structure of Arctic Ecosystems in the Short- and Long-term Perspectives |
title_short |
Effects on the Structure of Arctic Ecosystems in the Short- and Long-term Perspectives |
title_full |
Effects on the Structure of Arctic Ecosystems in the Short- and Long-term Perspectives |
title_fullStr |
Effects on the Structure of Arctic Ecosystems in the Short- and Long-term Perspectives |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects on the Structure of Arctic Ecosystems in the Short- and Long-term Perspectives |
title_sort |
effects on the structure of arctic ecosystems in the short- and long-term perspectives |
publisher |
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |
publishDate |
2004 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.436 |
op_coverage |
world |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Fennoscandia Tundra |
genre_facet |
Arctic Fennoscandia Tundra |
op_source |
https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.436 |
op_relation |
doi:10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.436 |
op_rights |
All rights reserved. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.436 |
container_title |
AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment |
container_volume |
33 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
436 |
op_container_end_page |
447 |
_version_ |
1772811971081535488 |