Biodiversity, Distributions and Adaptations of Arctic Species in the Context of Environmental Change
The individual of a species is the basic unit which responds to climate and UV-B changes, and it responds over a wide range of time scales. The diversity of animal, plant and microbial species appears to be low in the Arctic, and decreases from the boreal forests to the polar deserts of the extreme...
Published in: | AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
2004
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.404 |
id |
ftbioone:10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.404 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftbioone:10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.404 2023-07-30T04:00:26+02:00 Biodiversity, Distributions and Adaptations of Arctic Species in the Context of Environmental Change Terry V. Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Yuri Chernov Terry Chapin Torben R. Christensen Brian Huntley Rolf A. Ims Margareta Johansson Dyanna Jolly Sven Jonasson Nadya Matveyeva Nicolai Panikov Walter Oechel Gus Shaver Josef Elster Heikki Henttonen Kari Laine Kari Taulavuori Erja Taulavuori Christoph Zöckler Terry V. Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Yuri Chernov Terry Chapin Torben R. Christensen Brian Huntley Rolf A. Ims Margareta Johansson Dyanna Jolly Sven Jonasson Nadya Matveyeva Nicolai Panikov Walter Oechel Gus Shaver Josef Elster Heikki Henttonen Kari Laine Kari Taulavuori Erja Taulavuori Christoph Zöckler world 2004-11-01 text/HTML https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.404 en eng Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences doi:10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.404 All rights reserved. https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.404 Text 2004 ftbioone https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.404 2023-07-09T09:35:12Z The individual of a species is the basic unit which responds to climate and UV-B changes, and it responds over a wide range of time scales. The diversity of animal, plant and microbial species appears to be low in the Arctic, and decreases from the boreal forests to the polar deserts of the extreme North but primitive species are particularly abundant. This latitudinal decline is associated with an increase in super-dominant species that occupy a wide range of habitats. Climate warming is expected to reduce the abundance and restrict the ranges of such species and to affect species at their northern range boundaries more than in the South: some Arctic animal and plant specialists could face extinction. Species most likely to expand into tundra are boreal species that currently exist as outlier populations in the Arctic. Many plant species have characteristics that allow them to survive short snow-free growing seasons, low solar angles, permafrost and low soil temperatures, low nutrient availability and physical disturbance. Many of these characteristics are likely to limit species. responses to climate warming, but mainly because of poor competitive ability compared with potential immigrant species. Terrestrial Arctic animals possess many adaptations that enable them to persist under a wide range of temperatures in the Arctic. Many escape unfavorable weather and resource shortage by winter dormancy or by migration. The biotic environment of Arctic animal species is relatively simple with few enemies, competitors, diseases, parasites and available food resources. Terrestrial Arctic animals are likely to be most vulnerable to warmer and drier summers, climatic changes that interfere with migration routes and staging areas, altered snow conditions and freeze-thaw cycles in winter, climate-induced disruption of the seasonal timing of reproduction and development, and influx of new competitors, predators, parasites and diseases. Arctic microorganisms are also well adapted to the Arctic's climate: some can metabolize ... Text Arctic permafrost Tundra BioOne Online Journals Arctic AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 33 7 404 417 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
BioOne Online Journals |
op_collection_id |
ftbioone |
language |
English |
description |
The individual of a species is the basic unit which responds to climate and UV-B changes, and it responds over a wide range of time scales. The diversity of animal, plant and microbial species appears to be low in the Arctic, and decreases from the boreal forests to the polar deserts of the extreme North but primitive species are particularly abundant. This latitudinal decline is associated with an increase in super-dominant species that occupy a wide range of habitats. Climate warming is expected to reduce the abundance and restrict the ranges of such species and to affect species at their northern range boundaries more than in the South: some Arctic animal and plant specialists could face extinction. Species most likely to expand into tundra are boreal species that currently exist as outlier populations in the Arctic. Many plant species have characteristics that allow them to survive short snow-free growing seasons, low solar angles, permafrost and low soil temperatures, low nutrient availability and physical disturbance. Many of these characteristics are likely to limit species. responses to climate warming, but mainly because of poor competitive ability compared with potential immigrant species. Terrestrial Arctic animals possess many adaptations that enable them to persist under a wide range of temperatures in the Arctic. Many escape unfavorable weather and resource shortage by winter dormancy or by migration. The biotic environment of Arctic animal species is relatively simple with few enemies, competitors, diseases, parasites and available food resources. Terrestrial Arctic animals are likely to be most vulnerable to warmer and drier summers, climatic changes that interfere with migration routes and staging areas, altered snow conditions and freeze-thaw cycles in winter, climate-induced disruption of the seasonal timing of reproduction and development, and influx of new competitors, predators, parasites and diseases. Arctic microorganisms are also well adapted to the Arctic's climate: some can metabolize ... |
author2 |
Terry V. Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Yuri Chernov Terry Chapin Torben R. Christensen Brian Huntley Rolf A. Ims Margareta Johansson Dyanna Jolly Sven Jonasson Nadya Matveyeva Nicolai Panikov Walter Oechel Gus Shaver Josef Elster Heikki Henttonen Kari Laine Kari Taulavuori Erja Taulavuori Christoph Zöckler |
format |
Text |
author |
Terry V. Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Yuri Chernov Terry Chapin Torben R. Christensen Brian Huntley Rolf A. Ims Margareta Johansson Dyanna Jolly Sven Jonasson Nadya Matveyeva Nicolai Panikov Walter Oechel Gus Shaver Josef Elster Heikki Henttonen Kari Laine Kari Taulavuori Erja Taulavuori Christoph Zöckler |
spellingShingle |
Terry V. Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Yuri Chernov Terry Chapin Torben R. Christensen Brian Huntley Rolf A. Ims Margareta Johansson Dyanna Jolly Sven Jonasson Nadya Matveyeva Nicolai Panikov Walter Oechel Gus Shaver Josef Elster Heikki Henttonen Kari Laine Kari Taulavuori Erja Taulavuori Christoph Zöckler Biodiversity, Distributions and Adaptations of Arctic Species in the Context of Environmental Change |
author_facet |
Terry V. Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Yuri Chernov Terry Chapin Torben R. Christensen Brian Huntley Rolf A. Ims Margareta Johansson Dyanna Jolly Sven Jonasson Nadya Matveyeva Nicolai Panikov Walter Oechel Gus Shaver Josef Elster Heikki Henttonen Kari Laine Kari Taulavuori Erja Taulavuori Christoph Zöckler |
author_sort |
Terry V. Callaghan |
title |
Biodiversity, Distributions and Adaptations of Arctic Species in the Context of Environmental Change |
title_short |
Biodiversity, Distributions and Adaptations of Arctic Species in the Context of Environmental Change |
title_full |
Biodiversity, Distributions and Adaptations of Arctic Species in the Context of Environmental Change |
title_fullStr |
Biodiversity, Distributions and Adaptations of Arctic Species in the Context of Environmental Change |
title_full_unstemmed |
Biodiversity, Distributions and Adaptations of Arctic Species in the Context of Environmental Change |
title_sort |
biodiversity, distributions and adaptations of arctic species in the context of environmental change |
publisher |
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |
publishDate |
2004 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.404 |
op_coverage |
world |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic permafrost Tundra |
genre_facet |
Arctic permafrost Tundra |
op_source |
https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.404 |
op_relation |
doi:10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.404 |
op_rights |
All rights reserved. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.404 |
container_title |
AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment |
container_volume |
33 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
404 |
op_container_end_page |
417 |
_version_ |
1772810926328643584 |