Past Changes in Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems, Climate and UV Radiation
At the last glacial maximum, vast ice sheets covered many continental areas. The beds of some shallow seas were exposed thereby connecting previously separated landmasses. Although some areas were ice-free and supported a flora and fauna, mean annual temperatures were 10–13°C colder than during the...
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ftbioone:10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.398 2023-07-30T04:00:12+02:00 Past Changes in Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems, Climate and UV Radiation Terry V. Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Yuri Chernov Terry Chapin Torben R. Christensen Brian Huntley Rolf A. Ims Margareta Johansson Dyanna Jolly Sven Jonasson Nadya Matveyeva Nicolai Panikov Walter Oechel Gus Shaver Terry V. Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Yuri Chernov Terry Chapin Torben R. Christensen Brian Huntley Rolf A. Ims Margareta Johansson Dyanna Jolly Sven Jonasson Nadya Matveyeva Nicolai Panikov Walter Oechel Gus Shaver world 2004-11-01 text/HTML https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.398 en eng Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences doi:10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.398 All rights reserved. https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.398 Text 2004 ftbioone https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.398 2023-07-09T09:35:12Z At the last glacial maximum, vast ice sheets covered many continental areas. The beds of some shallow seas were exposed thereby connecting previously separated landmasses. Although some areas were ice-free and supported a flora and fauna, mean annual temperatures were 10–13°C colder than during the Holocene. Within a few millennia of the glacial maximum, deglaciation started, characterized by a series of climatic fluctuations between about 18 000 and 11 400 years ago. Following the general thermal maximum in the Holocene, there has been a modest overall cooling trend, superimposed upon which have been a series of millennial and centennial fluctuations in climate such as the “Little Ice Age spanning approximately the late 13th to early 19th centuries. Throughout the climatic fluctuations of the last 150 000 years, Arctic ecosystems and biota have been close to their minimum extent within the most recent 10 000 years. They suffered loss of diversity as a result of extinctions during the most recent large-magnitude rapid global warming at the end of the last glacial stage. Consequently, Arctic ecosystems and biota such as large vertebrates are already under pressure and are particularly vulnerable to current and projected future global warming. Evidence from the past indicates that the treeline will very probably advance, perhaps rapidly, into tundra areas, as it did during the early Holocene, reducing the extent of tundra and increasing the risk of species extinction. Species will very probably extend their ranges northwards, displacing Arctic species as in the past. However, unlike the early Holocene, when lower relative sea level allowed a belt of tundra to persist around at least some parts of the Arctic basin when treelines advanced to the present coast, sea level is very likely to rise in future, further restricting the area of tundra and other treeless Arctic ecosystems. The negative response of current Arctic ecosystems to global climatic conditions that are apparently without precedent during the ... Text Arctic Basin Arctic Global warming Tundra BioOne Online Journals Arctic AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 33 7 398 403 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
BioOne Online Journals |
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ftbioone |
language |
English |
description |
At the last glacial maximum, vast ice sheets covered many continental areas. The beds of some shallow seas were exposed thereby connecting previously separated landmasses. Although some areas were ice-free and supported a flora and fauna, mean annual temperatures were 10–13°C colder than during the Holocene. Within a few millennia of the glacial maximum, deglaciation started, characterized by a series of climatic fluctuations between about 18 000 and 11 400 years ago. Following the general thermal maximum in the Holocene, there has been a modest overall cooling trend, superimposed upon which have been a series of millennial and centennial fluctuations in climate such as the “Little Ice Age spanning approximately the late 13th to early 19th centuries. Throughout the climatic fluctuations of the last 150 000 years, Arctic ecosystems and biota have been close to their minimum extent within the most recent 10 000 years. They suffered loss of diversity as a result of extinctions during the most recent large-magnitude rapid global warming at the end of the last glacial stage. Consequently, Arctic ecosystems and biota such as large vertebrates are already under pressure and are particularly vulnerable to current and projected future global warming. Evidence from the past indicates that the treeline will very probably advance, perhaps rapidly, into tundra areas, as it did during the early Holocene, reducing the extent of tundra and increasing the risk of species extinction. Species will very probably extend their ranges northwards, displacing Arctic species as in the past. However, unlike the early Holocene, when lower relative sea level allowed a belt of tundra to persist around at least some parts of the Arctic basin when treelines advanced to the present coast, sea level is very likely to rise in future, further restricting the area of tundra and other treeless Arctic ecosystems. The negative response of current Arctic ecosystems to global climatic conditions that are apparently without precedent during the ... |
author2 |
Terry V. Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Yuri Chernov Terry Chapin Torben R. Christensen Brian Huntley Rolf A. Ims Margareta Johansson Dyanna Jolly Sven Jonasson Nadya Matveyeva Nicolai Panikov Walter Oechel Gus Shaver |
format |
Text |
author |
Terry V. Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Yuri Chernov Terry Chapin Torben R. Christensen Brian Huntley Rolf A. Ims Margareta Johansson Dyanna Jolly Sven Jonasson Nadya Matveyeva Nicolai Panikov Walter Oechel Gus Shaver |
spellingShingle |
Terry V. Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Yuri Chernov Terry Chapin Torben R. Christensen Brian Huntley Rolf A. Ims Margareta Johansson Dyanna Jolly Sven Jonasson Nadya Matveyeva Nicolai Panikov Walter Oechel Gus Shaver Past Changes in Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems, Climate and UV Radiation |
author_facet |
Terry V. Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Yuri Chernov Terry Chapin Torben R. Christensen Brian Huntley Rolf A. Ims Margareta Johansson Dyanna Jolly Sven Jonasson Nadya Matveyeva Nicolai Panikov Walter Oechel Gus Shaver |
author_sort |
Terry V. Callaghan |
title |
Past Changes in Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems, Climate and UV Radiation |
title_short |
Past Changes in Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems, Climate and UV Radiation |
title_full |
Past Changes in Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems, Climate and UV Radiation |
title_fullStr |
Past Changes in Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems, Climate and UV Radiation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Past Changes in Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems, Climate and UV Radiation |
title_sort |
past changes in arctic terrestrial ecosystems, climate and uv radiation |
publisher |
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |
publishDate |
2004 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.398 |
op_coverage |
world |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Basin Arctic Global warming Tundra |
genre_facet |
Arctic Basin Arctic Global warming Tundra |
op_source |
https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.398 |
op_relation |
doi:10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.398 |
op_rights |
All rights reserved. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-33.7.398 |
container_title |
AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment |
container_volume |
33 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
398 |
op_container_end_page |
403 |
_version_ |
1772810750743543808 |