POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION DECREASES WITH DEPTH IN DEEP-SEA BIVALVES
The deep sea is the largest ecosystem on Earth. Recent exploration has revealed that it supports a highly diverse and endemic benthic invertebrate fauna, yet the evolutionary processes that generate this remarkable species richness are virtually unknown. Environmental heterogeneity, topographic comp...
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The Society for the Study of Evolution
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ftbioone:10.1554/04-538 2023-07-30T04:05:35+02:00 POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION DECREASES WITH DEPTH IN DEEP-SEA BIVALVES Ron J. Etter Michael A. Rex Michael R. Chase Joseph M. Quattro Ron J. Etter Michael A. Rex Michael R. Chase Joseph M. Quattro world 2005-07-01 text/HTML https://doi.org/10.1554/04-538 en eng The Society for the Study of Evolution doi:10.1554/04-538 All rights reserved. https://doi.org/10.1554/04-538 Text 2005 ftbioone https://doi.org/10.1554/04-538 2023-07-09T09:27:50Z The deep sea is the largest ecosystem on Earth. Recent exploration has revealed that it supports a highly diverse and endemic benthic invertebrate fauna, yet the evolutionary processes that generate this remarkable species richness are virtually unknown. Environmental heterogeneity, topographic complexity, and morphological divergence all tend to decrease with depth, suggesting that the potential for population differentiation may decrease with depth. To test this hypothesis, we use mitochondrial DNA (16S rRNA gene) to examine patterns of population differentiation in four species of protobranch bivalves (Nuculoma similis, Deminucula atacellana, Malletia abyssorum, and Ledella ultima) distributed along a depth gradient in the western North Atlantic. We sequenced 268 individuals from formalin-fixed samples and found 45 haplotypes. The level of sequence divergence among haplotypes within species was similar, but shifted from between populations at bathyal depths to within populations at abyssal depths. Levels of population structure as measured by ΦST were considerably greater in the upper bathyal species (N. similis = 0.755 and D. atacellana = 0.931; 530–3834 m) than in the lower bathyal/abyssal species (M. abyssorum = 0.071 and L. ultima = 0.045; 2864–4970 m). Pairwise genetic distances among the samples within each species also decreased with depth. Population trees (UPGMA) based on modified coancestry coefficients and nested clade analysis both indicated strong population-level divergence in the two upper bathyal species but little for the deeper species. The population genetic structure in these protobranch bivalves parallels depth-related morphological divergence observed in deep-sea gastropods. The higher level of genetic and morphological divergence, coupled with the strong biotic and abiotic heterogeneity at bathyal depths, suggests this region may be an active area of species formation. We suggest that the steep, topographically complex, and dynamic bathyal zone, which stretches as a narrow band along ... Text North Atlantic BioOne Online Journals Evolution 59 7 1479 |
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ftbioone |
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English |
description |
The deep sea is the largest ecosystem on Earth. Recent exploration has revealed that it supports a highly diverse and endemic benthic invertebrate fauna, yet the evolutionary processes that generate this remarkable species richness are virtually unknown. Environmental heterogeneity, topographic complexity, and morphological divergence all tend to decrease with depth, suggesting that the potential for population differentiation may decrease with depth. To test this hypothesis, we use mitochondrial DNA (16S rRNA gene) to examine patterns of population differentiation in four species of protobranch bivalves (Nuculoma similis, Deminucula atacellana, Malletia abyssorum, and Ledella ultima) distributed along a depth gradient in the western North Atlantic. We sequenced 268 individuals from formalin-fixed samples and found 45 haplotypes. The level of sequence divergence among haplotypes within species was similar, but shifted from between populations at bathyal depths to within populations at abyssal depths. Levels of population structure as measured by ΦST were considerably greater in the upper bathyal species (N. similis = 0.755 and D. atacellana = 0.931; 530–3834 m) than in the lower bathyal/abyssal species (M. abyssorum = 0.071 and L. ultima = 0.045; 2864–4970 m). Pairwise genetic distances among the samples within each species also decreased with depth. Population trees (UPGMA) based on modified coancestry coefficients and nested clade analysis both indicated strong population-level divergence in the two upper bathyal species but little for the deeper species. The population genetic structure in these protobranch bivalves parallels depth-related morphological divergence observed in deep-sea gastropods. The higher level of genetic and morphological divergence, coupled with the strong biotic and abiotic heterogeneity at bathyal depths, suggests this region may be an active area of species formation. We suggest that the steep, topographically complex, and dynamic bathyal zone, which stretches as a narrow band along ... |
author2 |
Ron J. Etter Michael A. Rex Michael R. Chase Joseph M. Quattro |
format |
Text |
author |
Ron J. Etter Michael A. Rex Michael R. Chase Joseph M. Quattro |
spellingShingle |
Ron J. Etter Michael A. Rex Michael R. Chase Joseph M. Quattro POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION DECREASES WITH DEPTH IN DEEP-SEA BIVALVES |
author_facet |
Ron J. Etter Michael A. Rex Michael R. Chase Joseph M. Quattro |
author_sort |
Ron J. Etter |
title |
POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION DECREASES WITH DEPTH IN DEEP-SEA BIVALVES |
title_short |
POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION DECREASES WITH DEPTH IN DEEP-SEA BIVALVES |
title_full |
POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION DECREASES WITH DEPTH IN DEEP-SEA BIVALVES |
title_fullStr |
POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION DECREASES WITH DEPTH IN DEEP-SEA BIVALVES |
title_full_unstemmed |
POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION DECREASES WITH DEPTH IN DEEP-SEA BIVALVES |
title_sort |
population differentiation decreases with depth in deep-sea bivalves |
publisher |
The Society for the Study of Evolution |
publishDate |
2005 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1554/04-538 |
op_coverage |
world |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
https://doi.org/10.1554/04-538 |
op_relation |
doi:10.1554/04-538 |
op_rights |
All rights reserved. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1554/04-538 |
container_title |
Evolution |
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59 |
container_issue |
7 |
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1479 |
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