TESTING WHY THE SEX OF THE MATERNAL PARENT AFFECTS SEEDLING SURVIVAL IN A GYNODIOECIOUS SPECIES
In gynodioecious plants, seed offspring from hermaphrodites often perform less well than those from females. This lower performance sometimes can be attributed to inbreeding by hermaphrodites or to relatively greater provisioning of individual seeds by females. However, these hypotheses are not expl...
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The Society for the Study of Evolution
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ftbioone:10.1554/0014-3820(2003)057[0231:TWTSOT]2.0.CO;2 2023-07-30T04:06:49+02:00 TESTING WHY THE SEX OF THE MATERNAL PARENT AFFECTS SEEDLING SURVIVAL IN A GYNODIOECIOUS SPECIES Lynda F. Delph Pia Mutikainen Lynda F. Delph Pia Mutikainen world 2003-02-01 text/HTML https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2003)057[0231:TWTSOT]2.0.CO;2 en eng The Society for the Study of Evolution doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2003)057[0231:TWTSOT]2.0.CO;2 All rights reserved. https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2003)057[0231:TWTSOT]2.0.CO;2 Text 2003 ftbioone https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2003)057[0231:TWTSOT]2.0.CO;2 2023-07-09T09:26:13Z In gynodioecious plants, seed offspring from hermaphrodites often perform less well than those from females. This lower performance sometimes can be attributed to inbreeding by hermaphrodites or to relatively greater provisioning of individual seeds by females. However, these hypotheses are not explanatory when only outcrossing occurs and when individual seeds of the two morphs are equally well provisioned. Three hypotheses may explain the lower fitness of seed offspring from hermaphrodites in such cases. The morphology hypothesis states that the opportunity for gametophytic selection is lower within flowers of hermaphrodites compared to flowers on females, because the perfect flowers of hermaphrodites are relatively short-styled. The cytotype hypothesis states that the performance difference is directly caused by an individual's cytotype, whose frequency in the population may differ for the two sex morphs. The pleiotropy hypothesis states that negative pleiotropic effects of nuclear restorer alleles or alleles hitchhiking with them are expressed more often by offspring from hermaphrodites. We performed two experiments using the gynodioecious plant Silene acaulis to contrast these hypotheses. In our first experiment we contrasted the morphology and pleiotropy hypotheses by performing controlled pollinations and subsequently planting seeds in both the greenhouse and field. Hermaphrodites of S. acaulis can produce both pistillate and perfect flowers, which allowed us to determine whether flower morphology affects offspring survivorship independent of the sex of the maternal parent. We found that neither seed mass nor germination differed between seeds from females and hermaphrodites. Offspring from pistillate flowers on hermaphrodites did not differ significantly in their survival compared to offspring from perfect flowers on hermaphrodites, but had lower survivorship compared to offspring from pistillate flowers on females, refuting the morphology hypothesis. In a second experiment, we compared offspring survival ... Text Silene acaulis BioOne Online Journals |
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collection |
BioOne Online Journals |
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ftbioone |
language |
English |
description |
In gynodioecious plants, seed offspring from hermaphrodites often perform less well than those from females. This lower performance sometimes can be attributed to inbreeding by hermaphrodites or to relatively greater provisioning of individual seeds by females. However, these hypotheses are not explanatory when only outcrossing occurs and when individual seeds of the two morphs are equally well provisioned. Three hypotheses may explain the lower fitness of seed offspring from hermaphrodites in such cases. The morphology hypothesis states that the opportunity for gametophytic selection is lower within flowers of hermaphrodites compared to flowers on females, because the perfect flowers of hermaphrodites are relatively short-styled. The cytotype hypothesis states that the performance difference is directly caused by an individual's cytotype, whose frequency in the population may differ for the two sex morphs. The pleiotropy hypothesis states that negative pleiotropic effects of nuclear restorer alleles or alleles hitchhiking with them are expressed more often by offspring from hermaphrodites. We performed two experiments using the gynodioecious plant Silene acaulis to contrast these hypotheses. In our first experiment we contrasted the morphology and pleiotropy hypotheses by performing controlled pollinations and subsequently planting seeds in both the greenhouse and field. Hermaphrodites of S. acaulis can produce both pistillate and perfect flowers, which allowed us to determine whether flower morphology affects offspring survivorship independent of the sex of the maternal parent. We found that neither seed mass nor germination differed between seeds from females and hermaphrodites. Offspring from pistillate flowers on hermaphrodites did not differ significantly in their survival compared to offspring from perfect flowers on hermaphrodites, but had lower survivorship compared to offspring from pistillate flowers on females, refuting the morphology hypothesis. In a second experiment, we compared offspring survival ... |
author2 |
Lynda F. Delph Pia Mutikainen |
format |
Text |
author |
Lynda F. Delph Pia Mutikainen |
spellingShingle |
Lynda F. Delph Pia Mutikainen TESTING WHY THE SEX OF THE MATERNAL PARENT AFFECTS SEEDLING SURVIVAL IN A GYNODIOECIOUS SPECIES |
author_facet |
Lynda F. Delph Pia Mutikainen |
author_sort |
Lynda F. Delph |
title |
TESTING WHY THE SEX OF THE MATERNAL PARENT AFFECTS SEEDLING SURVIVAL IN A GYNODIOECIOUS SPECIES |
title_short |
TESTING WHY THE SEX OF THE MATERNAL PARENT AFFECTS SEEDLING SURVIVAL IN A GYNODIOECIOUS SPECIES |
title_full |
TESTING WHY THE SEX OF THE MATERNAL PARENT AFFECTS SEEDLING SURVIVAL IN A GYNODIOECIOUS SPECIES |
title_fullStr |
TESTING WHY THE SEX OF THE MATERNAL PARENT AFFECTS SEEDLING SURVIVAL IN A GYNODIOECIOUS SPECIES |
title_full_unstemmed |
TESTING WHY THE SEX OF THE MATERNAL PARENT AFFECTS SEEDLING SURVIVAL IN A GYNODIOECIOUS SPECIES |
title_sort |
testing why the sex of the maternal parent affects seedling survival in a gynodioecious species |
publisher |
The Society for the Study of Evolution |
publishDate |
2003 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2003)057[0231:TWTSOT]2.0.CO;2 |
op_coverage |
world |
genre |
Silene acaulis |
genre_facet |
Silene acaulis |
op_source |
https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2003)057[0231:TWTSOT]2.0.CO;2 |
op_relation |
doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2003)057[0231:TWTSOT]2.0.CO;2 |
op_rights |
All rights reserved. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2003)057[0231:TWTSOT]2.0.CO;2 |
_version_ |
1772819732685127680 |