Position in the Sequence of Laying, Embryonic Metabolic Rate, and Consequences for Hatching Synchrony and Offspring Survival in Canada Geese
Waterfowl lay large clutches of eggs over many days, yet the offspring hatch synchronously, indicating regulatory mechanisms must aid in minimizing developmental differences among offspring. Understanding how embryos' metabolic rates vary with the sequence in which the egg is laid can provide i...
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ftbioone:10.1525/cond.2010.090043 2024-05-12T08:02:01+00:00 Position in the Sequence of Laying, Embryonic Metabolic Rate, and Consequences for Hatching Synchrony and Offspring Survival in Canada Geese Todd A. Boonstra Mark E. Clark Wendy L. Reed Todd A. Boonstra Mark E. Clark Wendy L. Reed world 2010-05-01 text/HTML https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2010.090043 en eng American Ornithological Society doi:10.1525/cond.2010.090043 All rights reserved. https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2010.090043 Text 2010 ftbioone https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2010.090043 2024-04-16T02:14:21Z Waterfowl lay large clutches of eggs over many days, yet the offspring hatch synchronously, indicating regulatory mechanisms must aid in minimizing developmental differences among offspring. Understanding how embryos' metabolic rates vary with the sequence in which the egg is laid can provide insight into intrinsic mechanisms regulating the synchrony of hatching. Furthermore, developmental rates differing among offspring within a clutch likely have post-hatching consequences for offspring performance. We characterized variation in developmental rates within a clutch and the consequences for offspring performance in the Canada Goose (Branta canadensis maxima). We measured embryonic metabolic rates every 2 to 3 days, examined goslings' yolk reserves immediately after hatching, and conducted a cross-fostering experiment to assess plasticity in hatching synchrony and gosling survival in the 2 weeks after hatching. We found that embryonic O2 consumption rates increased with age in an S-shaped pattern, as in other birds with precocial young. Embryos in eggs laid later in the sequence had higher metabolic rates than those in eggs laid earlier in the sequence. Yolk reserves at hatching were also lower in goslings hatched from eggs laid later in the sequence. We altered the incubation period by 1–2 days, with no effect on gosling survival in the 2 weeks after hatching. Embryos in eggs laid later consume O2 at a higher rate and develop faster, reducing yolk reserves available at hatching. Reduced yolk reserves did not have immediate consequences for gosling survival. We hypothesize that maternal influences regulate the synchrony of hatching. Text Branta canadensis Canada Goose BioOne Online Journals Canada The Condor 112 2 304 313 |
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ftbioone |
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English |
description |
Waterfowl lay large clutches of eggs over many days, yet the offspring hatch synchronously, indicating regulatory mechanisms must aid in minimizing developmental differences among offspring. Understanding how embryos' metabolic rates vary with the sequence in which the egg is laid can provide insight into intrinsic mechanisms regulating the synchrony of hatching. Furthermore, developmental rates differing among offspring within a clutch likely have post-hatching consequences for offspring performance. We characterized variation in developmental rates within a clutch and the consequences for offspring performance in the Canada Goose (Branta canadensis maxima). We measured embryonic metabolic rates every 2 to 3 days, examined goslings' yolk reserves immediately after hatching, and conducted a cross-fostering experiment to assess plasticity in hatching synchrony and gosling survival in the 2 weeks after hatching. We found that embryonic O2 consumption rates increased with age in an S-shaped pattern, as in other birds with precocial young. Embryos in eggs laid later in the sequence had higher metabolic rates than those in eggs laid earlier in the sequence. Yolk reserves at hatching were also lower in goslings hatched from eggs laid later in the sequence. We altered the incubation period by 1–2 days, with no effect on gosling survival in the 2 weeks after hatching. Embryos in eggs laid later consume O2 at a higher rate and develop faster, reducing yolk reserves available at hatching. Reduced yolk reserves did not have immediate consequences for gosling survival. We hypothesize that maternal influences regulate the synchrony of hatching. |
author2 |
Todd A. Boonstra Mark E. Clark Wendy L. Reed |
format |
Text |
author |
Todd A. Boonstra Mark E. Clark Wendy L. Reed |
spellingShingle |
Todd A. Boonstra Mark E. Clark Wendy L. Reed Position in the Sequence of Laying, Embryonic Metabolic Rate, and Consequences for Hatching Synchrony and Offspring Survival in Canada Geese |
author_facet |
Todd A. Boonstra Mark E. Clark Wendy L. Reed |
author_sort |
Todd A. Boonstra |
title |
Position in the Sequence of Laying, Embryonic Metabolic Rate, and Consequences for Hatching Synchrony and Offspring Survival in Canada Geese |
title_short |
Position in the Sequence of Laying, Embryonic Metabolic Rate, and Consequences for Hatching Synchrony and Offspring Survival in Canada Geese |
title_full |
Position in the Sequence of Laying, Embryonic Metabolic Rate, and Consequences for Hatching Synchrony and Offspring Survival in Canada Geese |
title_fullStr |
Position in the Sequence of Laying, Embryonic Metabolic Rate, and Consequences for Hatching Synchrony and Offspring Survival in Canada Geese |
title_full_unstemmed |
Position in the Sequence of Laying, Embryonic Metabolic Rate, and Consequences for Hatching Synchrony and Offspring Survival in Canada Geese |
title_sort |
position in the sequence of laying, embryonic metabolic rate, and consequences for hatching synchrony and offspring survival in canada geese |
publisher |
American Ornithological Society |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2010.090043 |
op_coverage |
world |
geographic |
Canada |
geographic_facet |
Canada |
genre |
Branta canadensis Canada Goose |
genre_facet |
Branta canadensis Canada Goose |
op_source |
https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2010.090043 |
op_relation |
doi:10.1525/cond.2010.090043 |
op_rights |
All rights reserved. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2010.090043 |
container_title |
The Condor |
container_volume |
112 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
304 |
op_container_end_page |
313 |
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1798844118115287040 |