Panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales
The kin structure of a species at relatively fine spatial scales impacts broad-scale patterns in genetic structure at the population level. However, kin structure rarely has been elucidated for migratory marine mammals. The Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) exhibits migratory behavior lin...
Published in: | Journal of Mammalogy |
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American Society of Mammalogists
2020
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa050 |
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ftbioone:10.1093/jmammal/gyaa050 2024-06-02T08:02:28+00:00 Panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales William S. Beatty Patrick R. Lemons Suresh A. Sethi Jason P. Everett Cara J. Lewis Robert J. Lynn Geoffrey M. Cook Joel L. Garlich-Miller John K. Wenburg William S. Beatty Patrick R. Lemons Suresh A. Sethi Jason P. Everett Cara J. Lewis Robert J. Lynn Geoffrey M. Cook Joel L. Garlich-Miller John K. Wenburg world 2020-06-02 text/HTML https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa050 en eng American Society of Mammalogists doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyaa050 All rights reserved. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa050 Text 2020 ftbioone https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa050 2024-05-07T00:55:08Z The kin structure of a species at relatively fine spatial scales impacts broad-scale patterns in genetic structure at the population level. However, kin structure rarely has been elucidated for migratory marine mammals. The Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) exhibits migratory behavior linked to seasonal patterns in sea ice dynamics. Consequently, information on the spatial genetic structure of the subspecies, including kin structure, could aid wildlife managers in designing future studies to evaluate the impacts of sea ice loss on the subspecies. We sampled 8,303 individual walruses over a 5-year period and used 114 single-nucleotide polymorphisms to examine both broad-scale patterns in genetic structure and fine-scale patterns in relatedness. We did not detect any evidence of genetic structure at broad spatial scales, with low FST values (≤ 0.001) across all pairs of putative aggregations. To evaluate kin structure at fine spatial scales, we defined a walrus group as a cluster of resting individuals that were less than one walrus body length apart. We found weak evidence of kin structure at fine spatial scales, with 3.72% of groups exhibiting mean relatedness values greater than expected by chance, and a significantly higher overall observed mean value of relatedness within groups than expected by chance. Thus, the high spatiotemporal variation in the distribution of resources in the Pacific Arctic environment likely has favored a gregarious social system in Pacific walruses, with unrelated animals forming temporary associations. Text Arctic Odobenus rosmarus Pacific Arctic Sea ice walrus* BioOne Online Journals Arctic Pacific Journal of Mammalogy 101 3 755 765 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
BioOne Online Journals |
op_collection_id |
ftbioone |
language |
English |
description |
The kin structure of a species at relatively fine spatial scales impacts broad-scale patterns in genetic structure at the population level. However, kin structure rarely has been elucidated for migratory marine mammals. The Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) exhibits migratory behavior linked to seasonal patterns in sea ice dynamics. Consequently, information on the spatial genetic structure of the subspecies, including kin structure, could aid wildlife managers in designing future studies to evaluate the impacts of sea ice loss on the subspecies. We sampled 8,303 individual walruses over a 5-year period and used 114 single-nucleotide polymorphisms to examine both broad-scale patterns in genetic structure and fine-scale patterns in relatedness. We did not detect any evidence of genetic structure at broad spatial scales, with low FST values (≤ 0.001) across all pairs of putative aggregations. To evaluate kin structure at fine spatial scales, we defined a walrus group as a cluster of resting individuals that were less than one walrus body length apart. We found weak evidence of kin structure at fine spatial scales, with 3.72% of groups exhibiting mean relatedness values greater than expected by chance, and a significantly higher overall observed mean value of relatedness within groups than expected by chance. Thus, the high spatiotemporal variation in the distribution of resources in the Pacific Arctic environment likely has favored a gregarious social system in Pacific walruses, with unrelated animals forming temporary associations. |
author2 |
William S. Beatty Patrick R. Lemons Suresh A. Sethi Jason P. Everett Cara J. Lewis Robert J. Lynn Geoffrey M. Cook Joel L. Garlich-Miller John K. Wenburg |
format |
Text |
author |
William S. Beatty Patrick R. Lemons Suresh A. Sethi Jason P. Everett Cara J. Lewis Robert J. Lynn Geoffrey M. Cook Joel L. Garlich-Miller John K. Wenburg |
spellingShingle |
William S. Beatty Patrick R. Lemons Suresh A. Sethi Jason P. Everett Cara J. Lewis Robert J. Lynn Geoffrey M. Cook Joel L. Garlich-Miller John K. Wenburg Panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales |
author_facet |
William S. Beatty Patrick R. Lemons Suresh A. Sethi Jason P. Everett Cara J. Lewis Robert J. Lynn Geoffrey M. Cook Joel L. Garlich-Miller John K. Wenburg |
author_sort |
William S. Beatty |
title |
Panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales |
title_short |
Panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales |
title_full |
Panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales |
title_fullStr |
Panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales |
title_full_unstemmed |
Panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales |
title_sort |
panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the pacific walrus (odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales |
publisher |
American Society of Mammalogists |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa050 |
op_coverage |
world |
geographic |
Arctic Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Pacific |
genre |
Arctic Odobenus rosmarus Pacific Arctic Sea ice walrus* |
genre_facet |
Arctic Odobenus rosmarus Pacific Arctic Sea ice walrus* |
op_source |
https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa050 |
op_relation |
doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyaa050 |
op_rights |
All rights reserved. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa050 |
container_title |
Journal of Mammalogy |
container_volume |
101 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
755 |
op_container_end_page |
765 |
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1800746963328565248 |