Novel foraging strategies observed in a growing leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) population at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula
Abstract Background Leopard seals are apex predators that can alter the community structure of Antarctic coastal ecosystems. Previous behavioral studies were limited to land-based, daytime observations of foraging leopard seals. Consequently, foraging tactics, social behaviors, and indirect ecosyste...
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ftbiomed:oai:biomedcentral.com:s40317-015-0028-9 2023-05-15T13:43:53+02:00 Novel foraging strategies observed in a growing leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) population at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula Krause, Douglas J Goebel, Michael E Marshall, Gregory J Abernathy, Kyler 2015-08-06 http://www.animalbiotelemetry.com/content/3/1/24 en eng BioMed Central Ltd. http://www.animalbiotelemetry.com/content/3/1/24 Copyright 2015 Krause et al. Leopard seal Apex predator Hunting tactics Kleptoparasitism Food caching Scavenging Fastloc GPS CRITTERCAM T-LoCoH Research 2015 ftbiomed 2015-08-09T00:01:23Z Abstract Background Leopard seals are apex predators that can alter the community structure of Antarctic coastal ecosystems. Previous behavioral studies were limited to land-based, daytime observations of foraging leopard seals. Consequently, foraging tactics, social behaviors, and indirect ecosystem impacts are poorly understood. Here, we present the first analysis of animal-borne HD video footage for foraging leopard seals. Each CRITTERCAM was deployed with Fastloc GPS and time-depth recorder instruments providing fine-scale habitat context for observed foraging behavior. We analyzed seven deployments obtained in January and February of 2013 and 2014 from adult female leopard seals near mesopredator breeding colonies on Livingston Island, Antarctica. Results The average deployment length was 4.80 ± 2.45 (range 0.86–9.12) days, which covered a total of 16 foraging trips. Habitat use, along with 39 prey capture attempts, and 11 leopard seal social encounters were scored from 50.3 h of video data. We obtained 3,833 post-filter GPS positions, accurate to within 70 m, and the mean dive depth was 14.84 ± 8.98 m. Leopard seal foraging focused on four prey items: Antarctic fur seals, Antarctic fur seal pups, pygoscelid penguins, and demersal notothen fishes. Ambush tactics used only by a subset of leopard seals drove high capture success rates of fur seal pups. We identified novel prey-specific foraging tactics including stalking and flushing notothen fishes. Conclusions Leopard seals have been described as generalist apex predators; however, video and movement data suggest that leopard seals employ specialized prey-specific hunting tactics. Although preliminary, our findings indicate that leopard seals can affect coastal ecosystems through pathways beyond direct predation, including intraspecific kleptoparasitism and facultative scavenging/food caching. Our results suggest that position-integrated video data will be vital in quantifying the ecological impact of this abundant and versatile apex predator. Other/Unknown Material Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Fur Seal Antarctic Fur Seals Antarctic Peninsula Antarctica Hydrurga leptonyx Leopard Seal Leopard Seals Livingston Island BioMed Central Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Hydrurga ENVELOPE(-61.626,-61.626,-64.145,-64.145) Livingston Island ENVELOPE(-60.500,-60.500,-62.600,-62.600) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
BioMed Central |
op_collection_id |
ftbiomed |
language |
English |
topic |
Leopard seal Apex predator Hunting tactics Kleptoparasitism Food caching Scavenging Fastloc GPS CRITTERCAM T-LoCoH |
spellingShingle |
Leopard seal Apex predator Hunting tactics Kleptoparasitism Food caching Scavenging Fastloc GPS CRITTERCAM T-LoCoH Krause, Douglas J Goebel, Michael E Marshall, Gregory J Abernathy, Kyler Novel foraging strategies observed in a growing leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) population at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula |
topic_facet |
Leopard seal Apex predator Hunting tactics Kleptoparasitism Food caching Scavenging Fastloc GPS CRITTERCAM T-LoCoH |
description |
Abstract Background Leopard seals are apex predators that can alter the community structure of Antarctic coastal ecosystems. Previous behavioral studies were limited to land-based, daytime observations of foraging leopard seals. Consequently, foraging tactics, social behaviors, and indirect ecosystem impacts are poorly understood. Here, we present the first analysis of animal-borne HD video footage for foraging leopard seals. Each CRITTERCAM was deployed with Fastloc GPS and time-depth recorder instruments providing fine-scale habitat context for observed foraging behavior. We analyzed seven deployments obtained in January and February of 2013 and 2014 from adult female leopard seals near mesopredator breeding colonies on Livingston Island, Antarctica. Results The average deployment length was 4.80 ± 2.45 (range 0.86–9.12) days, which covered a total of 16 foraging trips. Habitat use, along with 39 prey capture attempts, and 11 leopard seal social encounters were scored from 50.3 h of video data. We obtained 3,833 post-filter GPS positions, accurate to within 70 m, and the mean dive depth was 14.84 ± 8.98 m. Leopard seal foraging focused on four prey items: Antarctic fur seals, Antarctic fur seal pups, pygoscelid penguins, and demersal notothen fishes. Ambush tactics used only by a subset of leopard seals drove high capture success rates of fur seal pups. We identified novel prey-specific foraging tactics including stalking and flushing notothen fishes. Conclusions Leopard seals have been described as generalist apex predators; however, video and movement data suggest that leopard seals employ specialized prey-specific hunting tactics. Although preliminary, our findings indicate that leopard seals can affect coastal ecosystems through pathways beyond direct predation, including intraspecific kleptoparasitism and facultative scavenging/food caching. Our results suggest that position-integrated video data will be vital in quantifying the ecological impact of this abundant and versatile apex predator. |
format |
Other/Unknown Material |
author |
Krause, Douglas J Goebel, Michael E Marshall, Gregory J Abernathy, Kyler |
author_facet |
Krause, Douglas J Goebel, Michael E Marshall, Gregory J Abernathy, Kyler |
author_sort |
Krause, Douglas J |
title |
Novel foraging strategies observed in a growing leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) population at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula |
title_short |
Novel foraging strategies observed in a growing leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) population at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula |
title_full |
Novel foraging strategies observed in a growing leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) population at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula |
title_fullStr |
Novel foraging strategies observed in a growing leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) population at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula |
title_full_unstemmed |
Novel foraging strategies observed in a growing leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) population at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula |
title_sort |
novel foraging strategies observed in a growing leopard seal (hydrurga leptonyx) population at livingston island, antarctic peninsula |
publisher |
BioMed Central Ltd. |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://www.animalbiotelemetry.com/content/3/1/24 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-61.626,-61.626,-64.145,-64.145) ENVELOPE(-60.500,-60.500,-62.600,-62.600) |
geographic |
Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Hydrurga Livingston Island |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Hydrurga Livingston Island |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Fur Seal Antarctic Fur Seals Antarctic Peninsula Antarctica Hydrurga leptonyx Leopard Seal Leopard Seals Livingston Island |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Fur Seal Antarctic Fur Seals Antarctic Peninsula Antarctica Hydrurga leptonyx Leopard Seal Leopard Seals Livingston Island |
op_relation |
http://www.animalbiotelemetry.com/content/3/1/24 |
op_rights |
Copyright 2015 Krause et al. |
_version_ |
1766194640151642112 |