Development of a Canadian socioeconomic status index for the study of health outcomes related to environmental pollution
Abstract Background Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important determinant of health and potential modifier of the effects of environmental contaminants. There has been a lack of comprehensive indices for measuring overall SES in Canada. Here, a more comprehensive SES index is developed aiming to su...
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ftbiomed:oai:biomedcentral.com:s12889-015-1992-y 2023-05-15T17:22:51+02:00 Development of a Canadian socioeconomic status index for the study of health outcomes related to environmental pollution Chan, Emily Serrano, Jesus Chen, Li Stieb, David Jerrett, Michael Osornio-Vargas, Alvaro 2015-07-28 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/15/714 en eng BioMed Central Ltd. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/15/714 Copyright 2015 Chan et al. Socioeconomic status Environment Health Research article 2015 ftbiomed 2015-08-02T00:01:44Z Abstract Background Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important determinant of health and potential modifier of the effects of environmental contaminants. There has been a lack of comprehensive indices for measuring overall SES in Canada. Here, a more comprehensive SES index is developed aiming to support future studies exploring health outcomes related to environmental pollution in Canada. Methods SES variables ( n = 22, Census Canada 2006) were selected based on: cultural identities, housing characteristics, variables identified in Canadian environmental injustice studies and a previous deprivation index (Pampalon index). Principal component analysis with a single varimax rotation (factor loadings ≥ │60│) was performed on SES variables for 52974 census dissemination areas (DA). The final index was created by averaging the factor scores per DA according to the three components retained. The index was validated by examining its association with preterm birth (gestational age < 37 weeks), term low birth weight (LBW, <2500 g), small for gestational age (SGA, <10 percentile of birth weight for gestational age) and PM 2.5 (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm) exposures in Edmonton, Alberta (1999–2008). Results Index values exhibited a relatively normal distribution (median = 0.11, mean = 0.0, SD = 0.58) across Canada. Values in Alberta tended to be higher than in Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories and Nunavut (Pearson chi-square p < 0.001 across provinces). Lower quintiles of our index and the Pampalon’s index confirmed know associations with a higher prevalence of LBW, SGA, preterm birth and PM 2.5 exposure. Results with our index exhibited greater statistical significance and a more consistent gradient of PM 2.5 levels and prevalence of pregnancy outcomes. Conclusions Our index reflects more dimensions of SES than an earlier index and it performed superiorly in capturing gradients in prevalence of pregnancy outcomes. It can be used for future research involving environmental pollution and health in Canada. Article in Journal/Newspaper Newfoundland Northwest Territories Nunavut BioMed Central Canada Newfoundland Northwest Territories Nunavut |
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English |
topic |
Socioeconomic status Environment Health |
spellingShingle |
Socioeconomic status Environment Health Chan, Emily Serrano, Jesus Chen, Li Stieb, David Jerrett, Michael Osornio-Vargas, Alvaro Development of a Canadian socioeconomic status index for the study of health outcomes related to environmental pollution |
topic_facet |
Socioeconomic status Environment Health |
description |
Abstract Background Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important determinant of health and potential modifier of the effects of environmental contaminants. There has been a lack of comprehensive indices for measuring overall SES in Canada. Here, a more comprehensive SES index is developed aiming to support future studies exploring health outcomes related to environmental pollution in Canada. Methods SES variables ( n = 22, Census Canada 2006) were selected based on: cultural identities, housing characteristics, variables identified in Canadian environmental injustice studies and a previous deprivation index (Pampalon index). Principal component analysis with a single varimax rotation (factor loadings ≥ │60│) was performed on SES variables for 52974 census dissemination areas (DA). The final index was created by averaging the factor scores per DA according to the three components retained. The index was validated by examining its association with preterm birth (gestational age < 37 weeks), term low birth weight (LBW, <2500 g), small for gestational age (SGA, <10 percentile of birth weight for gestational age) and PM 2.5 (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm) exposures in Edmonton, Alberta (1999–2008). Results Index values exhibited a relatively normal distribution (median = 0.11, mean = 0.0, SD = 0.58) across Canada. Values in Alberta tended to be higher than in Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories and Nunavut (Pearson chi-square p < 0.001 across provinces). Lower quintiles of our index and the Pampalon’s index confirmed know associations with a higher prevalence of LBW, SGA, preterm birth and PM 2.5 exposure. Results with our index exhibited greater statistical significance and a more consistent gradient of PM 2.5 levels and prevalence of pregnancy outcomes. Conclusions Our index reflects more dimensions of SES than an earlier index and it performed superiorly in capturing gradients in prevalence of pregnancy outcomes. It can be used for future research involving environmental pollution and health in Canada. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Chan, Emily Serrano, Jesus Chen, Li Stieb, David Jerrett, Michael Osornio-Vargas, Alvaro |
author_facet |
Chan, Emily Serrano, Jesus Chen, Li Stieb, David Jerrett, Michael Osornio-Vargas, Alvaro |
author_sort |
Chan, Emily |
title |
Development of a Canadian socioeconomic status index for the study of health outcomes related to environmental pollution |
title_short |
Development of a Canadian socioeconomic status index for the study of health outcomes related to environmental pollution |
title_full |
Development of a Canadian socioeconomic status index for the study of health outcomes related to environmental pollution |
title_fullStr |
Development of a Canadian socioeconomic status index for the study of health outcomes related to environmental pollution |
title_full_unstemmed |
Development of a Canadian socioeconomic status index for the study of health outcomes related to environmental pollution |
title_sort |
development of a canadian socioeconomic status index for the study of health outcomes related to environmental pollution |
publisher |
BioMed Central Ltd. |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/15/714 |
geographic |
Canada Newfoundland Northwest Territories Nunavut |
geographic_facet |
Canada Newfoundland Northwest Territories Nunavut |
genre |
Newfoundland Northwest Territories Nunavut |
genre_facet |
Newfoundland Northwest Territories Nunavut |
op_relation |
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/15/714 |
op_rights |
Copyright 2015 Chan et al. |
_version_ |
1766109740381765632 |