Identification of genomic variants putatively targeted by selection during dog domestication
Abstract Background Dogs [ Canis lupus familiaris ] were the first animal species to be domesticated and continue to occupy an important place in human societies. Recent studies have begun to reveal when and where dog domestication occurred. While much progress has been made in identifying the genet...
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ftbiomed:oai:biomedcentral.com:s12862-015-0579-7 2023-05-15T15:50:20+02:00 Identification of genomic variants putatively targeted by selection during dog domestication Cagan, Alex Blass, Torsten 2016-01-12 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/16/10 en eng BioMed Central Ltd. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/16/10 Copyright 2016 Cagan and Blass. Genomics Domestication Artificial selection Natural selection Behavioural genomics Research article 2016 ftbiomed 2016-01-17T01:08:35Z Abstract Background Dogs [ Canis lupus familiaris ] were the first animal species to be domesticated and continue to occupy an important place in human societies. Recent studies have begun to reveal when and where dog domestication occurred. While much progress has been made in identifying the genetic basis of phenotypic differences between dog breeds we still know relatively little about the genetic changes underlying the phenotypes that differentiate all dogs from their wild progenitors, wolves [ Canis lupus ]. In particular, dogs generally show reduced aggression and fear towards humans compared to wolves. Therefore, selection for tameness was likely a necessary prerequisite for dog domestication. With the increasing availability of whole-genome sequence data it is possible to try and directly identify the genetic variants contributing to the phenotypic differences between dogs and wolves. Results We analyse the largest available database of genome-wide polymorphism data in a global sample of dogs 69 and wolves 7. We perform a scan to identify regions of the genome that are highly differentiated between dogs and wolves. We identify putatively functional genomic variants that are segregating or at high frequency [> = 0.75 Fst] for alternative alleles between dogs and wolves. A biological pathways analysis of the genes containing these variants suggests that there has been selection on the ‘adrenaline and noradrenaline biosynthesis pathway’, well known for its involvement in the fight-or-flight response. We identify 11 genes with putatively functional variants fixed for alternative alleles between dogs and wolves. The segregating variants in these genes are strong candidates for having been targets of selection during early dog domestication. Conclusions We present the first genome-wide analysis of the different categories of putatively functional variants that are fixed or segregating at high frequency between a global sampling of dogs and wolves. We find evidence that selection has been strongest around non-synonymous variants. Strong selection in the initial stages of dog domestication appears to have occurred on multiple genes involved in the fight-or-flight response, particularly in the catecholamine synthesis pathway. Different alleles in some of these genes have been associated with behavioral differences between modern dog breeds, suggesting an important role for this pathway at multiple stages in the domestication process. Article in Journal/Newspaper Canis lupus BioMed Central |
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English |
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Genomics Domestication Artificial selection Natural selection Behavioural genomics |
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Genomics Domestication Artificial selection Natural selection Behavioural genomics Cagan, Alex Blass, Torsten Identification of genomic variants putatively targeted by selection during dog domestication |
topic_facet |
Genomics Domestication Artificial selection Natural selection Behavioural genomics |
description |
Abstract Background Dogs [ Canis lupus familiaris ] were the first animal species to be domesticated and continue to occupy an important place in human societies. Recent studies have begun to reveal when and where dog domestication occurred. While much progress has been made in identifying the genetic basis of phenotypic differences between dog breeds we still know relatively little about the genetic changes underlying the phenotypes that differentiate all dogs from their wild progenitors, wolves [ Canis lupus ]. In particular, dogs generally show reduced aggression and fear towards humans compared to wolves. Therefore, selection for tameness was likely a necessary prerequisite for dog domestication. With the increasing availability of whole-genome sequence data it is possible to try and directly identify the genetic variants contributing to the phenotypic differences between dogs and wolves. Results We analyse the largest available database of genome-wide polymorphism data in a global sample of dogs 69 and wolves 7. We perform a scan to identify regions of the genome that are highly differentiated between dogs and wolves. We identify putatively functional genomic variants that are segregating or at high frequency [> = 0.75 Fst] for alternative alleles between dogs and wolves. A biological pathways analysis of the genes containing these variants suggests that there has been selection on the ‘adrenaline and noradrenaline biosynthesis pathway’, well known for its involvement in the fight-or-flight response. We identify 11 genes with putatively functional variants fixed for alternative alleles between dogs and wolves. The segregating variants in these genes are strong candidates for having been targets of selection during early dog domestication. Conclusions We present the first genome-wide analysis of the different categories of putatively functional variants that are fixed or segregating at high frequency between a global sampling of dogs and wolves. We find evidence that selection has been strongest around non-synonymous variants. Strong selection in the initial stages of dog domestication appears to have occurred on multiple genes involved in the fight-or-flight response, particularly in the catecholamine synthesis pathway. Different alleles in some of these genes have been associated with behavioral differences between modern dog breeds, suggesting an important role for this pathway at multiple stages in the domestication process. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Cagan, Alex Blass, Torsten |
author_facet |
Cagan, Alex Blass, Torsten |
author_sort |
Cagan, Alex |
title |
Identification of genomic variants putatively targeted by selection during dog domestication |
title_short |
Identification of genomic variants putatively targeted by selection during dog domestication |
title_full |
Identification of genomic variants putatively targeted by selection during dog domestication |
title_fullStr |
Identification of genomic variants putatively targeted by selection during dog domestication |
title_full_unstemmed |
Identification of genomic variants putatively targeted by selection during dog domestication |
title_sort |
identification of genomic variants putatively targeted by selection during dog domestication |
publisher |
BioMed Central Ltd. |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/16/10 |
genre |
Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus |
op_relation |
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/16/10 |
op_rights |
Copyright 2016 Cagan and Blass. |
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1766385295247278080 |