Mapping atmospheric depositions of cadmium and lead in Germany based on EMEP deposition data and the European Moss Survey 2005
Abstract Background Every five years since 1990, the European Heavy Metals in Mosses Survey provided data on atmospheric heavy metal bioaccumulations in mosses throughout Europe at a high spatial resolution. The moss data show the effectiveness of air quality control policies: for Germany the metal...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Other/Unknown Material |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BioMed Central Ltd.
2011
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.enveurope.com/content/23/1/19 |
id |
ftbiomed:oai:biomedcentral.com:2190-4715-23-19 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftbiomed:oai:biomedcentral.com:2190-4715-23-19 2023-05-15T16:28:38+02:00 Mapping atmospheric depositions of cadmium and lead in Germany based on EMEP deposition data and the European Moss Survey 2005 Schröder, Winfried Holy, Marcel Pesch, Roland Zechmeister, Harald Harmens, Harry Ilyin, Ilia 2011-05-18 http://www.enveurope.com/content/23/1/19 en eng BioMed Central Ltd. http://www.enveurope.com/content/23/1/19 Copyright 2011 Schröder et al; licensee Springer. EMEP deposition network and modelling European Moss Survey as part of UNECE ICP Vegetation Mapping atmospheric depositions of Cd and Pb Zackenberg Background Values Research 2011 ftbiomed 2011-05-28T23:36:55Z Abstract Background Every five years since 1990, the European Heavy Metals in Mosses Survey provided data on atmospheric heavy metal bioaccumulations in mosses throughout Europe at a high spatial resolution. The moss data show the effectiveness of air quality control policies: for Germany the metal bioaccumulations decreased between 1990 and 2000, whilst they increased from 2000 to 2005. This investigation is intended to show how the moss data could be used to map atmospheric depositions of Cd and Pb, which later on might serve for the calculation of Critical Loads Exceedances. In addition, we compared how much heavy metal concentrations in mosses in Germany deviate from background data observed in Greenland. Methods Mapping heavy metals with a high spatial resolution for the German territory was conducted according to the following methodology: EMEP deposition maps (50 km by 50 km spatial resolution) were intersected within a GIS with Kriging maps on Cd and Pb accumulations in mosses (EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) is a scientifically based and politically driven programme under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution for international co-operation to solve transboundary air pollution problems). Subsequently, the statistical relations between the EMEP modelled depositions and the bioaccumulations in mosses were quantified by using regression analysis. The regression functions were used to transform the moss concentration maps into deposition maps. The resulting maps on Cd and Pb depositions have a spatial resolution of 5 km by 5 km and were added to the respective map on the residuals of the regression functions (Regression Kriging). Finally, the territory of Germany was extracted from the European maps on Cd and Pb depositions and the legends were adjusted accordingly in terms of n standard deviations from the German mean value. The concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, Sn, and Zn in the mosses sampled in 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005 in Germany were compared with background values derived from mosses sampled in north-eastern Greenland (Zackenberg Background Values). The differences between heavy metal concentrations in mosses in Germany and Greenland were calculated for the 16 federal states of Germany and mapped for Pb. Results and discussion The regression models corroborate that the Cd concentration in mosses is correlated with the EMEP modelled total Cd deposition across Europe (regression coefficient according to Pearson, r p = 0.67; regression coefficient according to Spearman, r s = 0.69). The coefficient of determination is r 2 = 0.44. The same is true for Pb with r p = 0.76 and r s = 0.77 and r 2 = 0.58. Based on the regression models and the . Other/Unknown Material Greenland Zackenberg BioMed Central Greenland |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
BioMed Central |
op_collection_id |
ftbiomed |
language |
English |
topic |
EMEP deposition network and modelling European Moss Survey as part of UNECE ICP Vegetation Mapping atmospheric depositions of Cd and Pb Zackenberg Background Values |
spellingShingle |
EMEP deposition network and modelling European Moss Survey as part of UNECE ICP Vegetation Mapping atmospheric depositions of Cd and Pb Zackenberg Background Values Schröder, Winfried Holy, Marcel Pesch, Roland Zechmeister, Harald Harmens, Harry Ilyin, Ilia Mapping atmospheric depositions of cadmium and lead in Germany based on EMEP deposition data and the European Moss Survey 2005 |
topic_facet |
EMEP deposition network and modelling European Moss Survey as part of UNECE ICP Vegetation Mapping atmospheric depositions of Cd and Pb Zackenberg Background Values |
description |
Abstract Background Every five years since 1990, the European Heavy Metals in Mosses Survey provided data on atmospheric heavy metal bioaccumulations in mosses throughout Europe at a high spatial resolution. The moss data show the effectiveness of air quality control policies: for Germany the metal bioaccumulations decreased between 1990 and 2000, whilst they increased from 2000 to 2005. This investigation is intended to show how the moss data could be used to map atmospheric depositions of Cd and Pb, which later on might serve for the calculation of Critical Loads Exceedances. In addition, we compared how much heavy metal concentrations in mosses in Germany deviate from background data observed in Greenland. Methods Mapping heavy metals with a high spatial resolution for the German territory was conducted according to the following methodology: EMEP deposition maps (50 km by 50 km spatial resolution) were intersected within a GIS with Kriging maps on Cd and Pb accumulations in mosses (EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) is a scientifically based and politically driven programme under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution for international co-operation to solve transboundary air pollution problems). Subsequently, the statistical relations between the EMEP modelled depositions and the bioaccumulations in mosses were quantified by using regression analysis. The regression functions were used to transform the moss concentration maps into deposition maps. The resulting maps on Cd and Pb depositions have a spatial resolution of 5 km by 5 km and were added to the respective map on the residuals of the regression functions (Regression Kriging). Finally, the territory of Germany was extracted from the European maps on Cd and Pb depositions and the legends were adjusted accordingly in terms of n standard deviations from the German mean value. The concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, Sn, and Zn in the mosses sampled in 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005 in Germany were compared with background values derived from mosses sampled in north-eastern Greenland (Zackenberg Background Values). The differences between heavy metal concentrations in mosses in Germany and Greenland were calculated for the 16 federal states of Germany and mapped for Pb. Results and discussion The regression models corroborate that the Cd concentration in mosses is correlated with the EMEP modelled total Cd deposition across Europe (regression coefficient according to Pearson, r p = 0.67; regression coefficient according to Spearman, r s = 0.69). The coefficient of determination is r 2 = 0.44. The same is true for Pb with r p = 0.76 and r s = 0.77 and r 2 = 0.58. Based on the regression models and the . |
format |
Other/Unknown Material |
author |
Schröder, Winfried Holy, Marcel Pesch, Roland Zechmeister, Harald Harmens, Harry Ilyin, Ilia |
author_facet |
Schröder, Winfried Holy, Marcel Pesch, Roland Zechmeister, Harald Harmens, Harry Ilyin, Ilia |
author_sort |
Schröder, Winfried |
title |
Mapping atmospheric depositions of cadmium and lead in Germany based on EMEP deposition data and the European Moss Survey 2005 |
title_short |
Mapping atmospheric depositions of cadmium and lead in Germany based on EMEP deposition data and the European Moss Survey 2005 |
title_full |
Mapping atmospheric depositions of cadmium and lead in Germany based on EMEP deposition data and the European Moss Survey 2005 |
title_fullStr |
Mapping atmospheric depositions of cadmium and lead in Germany based on EMEP deposition data and the European Moss Survey 2005 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mapping atmospheric depositions of cadmium and lead in Germany based on EMEP deposition data and the European Moss Survey 2005 |
title_sort |
mapping atmospheric depositions of cadmium and lead in germany based on emep deposition data and the european moss survey 2005 |
publisher |
BioMed Central Ltd. |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
http://www.enveurope.com/content/23/1/19 |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
Greenland Zackenberg |
genre_facet |
Greenland Zackenberg |
op_relation |
http://www.enveurope.com/content/23/1/19 |
op_rights |
Copyright 2011 Schröder et al; licensee Springer. |
_version_ |
1766018309490212864 |