Molecular detection of Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens and Setaria tundra in mosquitoes from Germany
Abstract Background As a result of globalization and climate change, Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens , the causative agents of dirofilariosis in Europe, continue to spread from endemic areas in the Mediterranean to northern and northeastern regions of Europe where autochthonous cases of d...
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ftbiomed:oai:biomedcentral.com:1756-3305-7-30 2023-05-15T18:39:59+02:00 Molecular detection of Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens and Setaria tundra in mosquitoes from Germany Kronefeld, Mandy Kampen, Helge Sassnau, Reinhold Werner, Doreen 2014-01-16 http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/7/1/30 en eng BioMed Central Ltd. http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/7/1/30 Copyright 2014 Kronefeld et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Dirofilaria immitis Dirofilaria repens Dirofilariosis Setaria tundra Setariosis Germany Monitoring Mosquito Vector Zoonosis Research 2014 ftbiomed 2014-01-26T01:26:12Z Abstract Background As a result of globalization and climate change, Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens , the causative agents of dirofilariosis in Europe, continue to spread from endemic areas in the Mediterranean to northern and northeastern regions of Europe where autochthonous cases of dirofilarial infections have increasingly been observed in dogs and humans. Whilst D. repens was recently reported from mosquitoes in putatively non-endemic areas, D. immitis has never been demonstrated in mosquitoes from Europe outside the Mediterranean. Methods From 2011 to 2013, mosquitoes collected within the framework of a German national mosquito monitoring programme were screened for filarial nematodes using a newly designed filarioid-specific real-time PCR assay. Positive samples were further processed by conventional PCR amplification of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, amplicons were sequenced and sequences blasted against GenBank. Results Approximately 17,000 female mosquitoes were subjected to filarial screening. Out of 955 pools examined, nine tested positive for filariae. Two of the COI sequences indicated D. immitis , one D. repens and four Setaria tundra . Two sequences could not be assigned to a known species due to a lack of similar GenBank entries. Whilst D. immitis and the unknown parasites were detected in Culex pipiens/torrentium , D. repens was found in a single Anopheles daciae and all S. tundra were demonstrated in Aedes vexans . All positive mosquitoes were collected between mid-June and early September. Conclusion The finding of dirofilariae in German mosquitoes implies the possibility of a local natural transmission cycle. While the routes of introduction to Germany and the origin of the filariae cannot be determined retrospectively, potential culicid vectors and reservoir hosts must prospectively be identified and awareness among physicians, veterinarians and public health personnel be created. The health impact of S. tundra on the indigenous cervid fauna needs further investigation. Other/Unknown Material Tundra BioMed Central |
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BioMed Central |
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ftbiomed |
language |
English |
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Dirofilaria immitis Dirofilaria repens Dirofilariosis Setaria tundra Setariosis Germany Monitoring Mosquito Vector Zoonosis |
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Dirofilaria immitis Dirofilaria repens Dirofilariosis Setaria tundra Setariosis Germany Monitoring Mosquito Vector Zoonosis Kronefeld, Mandy Kampen, Helge Sassnau, Reinhold Werner, Doreen Molecular detection of Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens and Setaria tundra in mosquitoes from Germany |
topic_facet |
Dirofilaria immitis Dirofilaria repens Dirofilariosis Setaria tundra Setariosis Germany Monitoring Mosquito Vector Zoonosis |
description |
Abstract Background As a result of globalization and climate change, Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens , the causative agents of dirofilariosis in Europe, continue to spread from endemic areas in the Mediterranean to northern and northeastern regions of Europe where autochthonous cases of dirofilarial infections have increasingly been observed in dogs and humans. Whilst D. repens was recently reported from mosquitoes in putatively non-endemic areas, D. immitis has never been demonstrated in mosquitoes from Europe outside the Mediterranean. Methods From 2011 to 2013, mosquitoes collected within the framework of a German national mosquito monitoring programme were screened for filarial nematodes using a newly designed filarioid-specific real-time PCR assay. Positive samples were further processed by conventional PCR amplification of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, amplicons were sequenced and sequences blasted against GenBank. Results Approximately 17,000 female mosquitoes were subjected to filarial screening. Out of 955 pools examined, nine tested positive for filariae. Two of the COI sequences indicated D. immitis , one D. repens and four Setaria tundra . Two sequences could not be assigned to a known species due to a lack of similar GenBank entries. Whilst D. immitis and the unknown parasites were detected in Culex pipiens/torrentium , D. repens was found in a single Anopheles daciae and all S. tundra were demonstrated in Aedes vexans . All positive mosquitoes were collected between mid-June and early September. Conclusion The finding of dirofilariae in German mosquitoes implies the possibility of a local natural transmission cycle. While the routes of introduction to Germany and the origin of the filariae cannot be determined retrospectively, potential culicid vectors and reservoir hosts must prospectively be identified and awareness among physicians, veterinarians and public health personnel be created. The health impact of S. tundra on the indigenous cervid fauna needs further investigation. |
format |
Other/Unknown Material |
author |
Kronefeld, Mandy Kampen, Helge Sassnau, Reinhold Werner, Doreen |
author_facet |
Kronefeld, Mandy Kampen, Helge Sassnau, Reinhold Werner, Doreen |
author_sort |
Kronefeld, Mandy |
title |
Molecular detection of Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens and Setaria tundra in mosquitoes from Germany |
title_short |
Molecular detection of Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens and Setaria tundra in mosquitoes from Germany |
title_full |
Molecular detection of Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens and Setaria tundra in mosquitoes from Germany |
title_fullStr |
Molecular detection of Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens and Setaria tundra in mosquitoes from Germany |
title_full_unstemmed |
Molecular detection of Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens and Setaria tundra in mosquitoes from Germany |
title_sort |
molecular detection of dirofilaria immitis, dirofilaria repens and setaria tundra in mosquitoes from germany |
publisher |
BioMed Central Ltd. |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/7/1/30 |
genre |
Tundra |
genre_facet |
Tundra |
op_relation |
http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/7/1/30 |
op_rights |
Copyright 2014 Kronefeld et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. |
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1766229064397357056 |