Multi-locus phylogeny of lethal amanitas: Implications for species diversity and historical biogeography
Abstract Background Lethal amanitas ( Amanita section Phalloideae ) are a group of wild, fatal mushrooms causing many poisoning cases worldwide. However, the diversity and evolutionary history of these lethal mushrooms remain poorly known due to the limited sampling and insufficient gene fragments e...
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ftbiomed:oai:biomedcentral.com:1471-2148-14-143 2023-05-15T15:42:42+02:00 Multi-locus phylogeny of lethal amanitas: Implications for species diversity and historical biogeography Cai, Qing Tulloss, Rodham E Tang, Li P Tolgor, Bau Zhang, Ping Chen, Zuo H Yang, Zhu L 2014-06-21 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/14/143 en eng BioMed Central Ltd. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/14/143 Copyright 2014 Cai et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Amanita Biogeography Lethal substances Phylogenetic species Molecular clock Synapomorphy Research article 2014 ftbiomed 2014-07-20T00:34:09Z Abstract Background Lethal amanitas ( Amanita section Phalloideae ) are a group of wild, fatal mushrooms causing many poisoning cases worldwide. However, the diversity and evolutionary history of these lethal mushrooms remain poorly known due to the limited sampling and insufficient gene fragments employed for phylogenetic analyses. In this study, five gene loci (nrLSU, ITS, rpb2 , ef1 -α and β- tubulin ) with a widely geographic sampling from East and South Asia, Europe, North and Central America, South Africa and Australia were analysed with maximum-likelihood, maximum-parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. Biochemical analyses were also conducted with intention to detect amatoxins and phalloidin in 14 representative samples. Result Lethal amanitas were robustly supported to be a monophyletic group after excluding five species that were provisionally defined as lethal amanitas based on morphological studies. In lethal amanitas, 28 phylogenetic species were recognised by integrating molecular phylogenetic analyses with morphological studies, and 14 of them represented putatively new species. The biochemical analyses indicated a single origin of cyclic peptide toxins (amatoxins and phalloidin) within Amanita and suggested that this kind of toxins seemed to be a synapomorphy of lethal amanitas. Molecular dating through BEAST and biogeographic analyses with LAGRANGE and RASP indicated that lethal amanitas most likely originated in the Palaeotropics with the present crown group dated around 64.92 Mya in the early Paleocene, and the East Asia–eastern North America or Eurasia–North America–Central America disjunct distribution patterns were primarily established during the middle Oligocene to Miocene. Conclusion The cryptic diversity found in this study indicates that the species diversity of lethal amanitas is strongly underestimated under the current taxonomy. The intercontinental sister species or sister groups relationships among East Asia and eastern North America or Eurasia–North America–Central America within lethal amanitas are best explained by the diversification model of Palaeotropical origin, dispersal via the Bering Land Bridge, followed by regional vicariance speciation resulting from climate change during the middle Oligocene to the present. These findings indicate the importance of both dispersal and vicariance in shaping the intercontinental distributions of these ectomycorrhizal fungi. Article in Journal/Newspaper Bering Land Bridge BioMed Central Lagrange ENVELOPE(-62.597,-62.597,-64.529,-64.529) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
BioMed Central |
op_collection_id |
ftbiomed |
language |
English |
topic |
Amanita Biogeography Lethal substances Phylogenetic species Molecular clock Synapomorphy |
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Amanita Biogeography Lethal substances Phylogenetic species Molecular clock Synapomorphy Cai, Qing Tulloss, Rodham E Tang, Li P Tolgor, Bau Zhang, Ping Chen, Zuo H Yang, Zhu L Multi-locus phylogeny of lethal amanitas: Implications for species diversity and historical biogeography |
topic_facet |
Amanita Biogeography Lethal substances Phylogenetic species Molecular clock Synapomorphy |
description |
Abstract Background Lethal amanitas ( Amanita section Phalloideae ) are a group of wild, fatal mushrooms causing many poisoning cases worldwide. However, the diversity and evolutionary history of these lethal mushrooms remain poorly known due to the limited sampling and insufficient gene fragments employed for phylogenetic analyses. In this study, five gene loci (nrLSU, ITS, rpb2 , ef1 -α and β- tubulin ) with a widely geographic sampling from East and South Asia, Europe, North and Central America, South Africa and Australia were analysed with maximum-likelihood, maximum-parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. Biochemical analyses were also conducted with intention to detect amatoxins and phalloidin in 14 representative samples. Result Lethal amanitas were robustly supported to be a monophyletic group after excluding five species that were provisionally defined as lethal amanitas based on morphological studies. In lethal amanitas, 28 phylogenetic species were recognised by integrating molecular phylogenetic analyses with morphological studies, and 14 of them represented putatively new species. The biochemical analyses indicated a single origin of cyclic peptide toxins (amatoxins and phalloidin) within Amanita and suggested that this kind of toxins seemed to be a synapomorphy of lethal amanitas. Molecular dating through BEAST and biogeographic analyses with LAGRANGE and RASP indicated that lethal amanitas most likely originated in the Palaeotropics with the present crown group dated around 64.92 Mya in the early Paleocene, and the East Asia–eastern North America or Eurasia–North America–Central America disjunct distribution patterns were primarily established during the middle Oligocene to Miocene. Conclusion The cryptic diversity found in this study indicates that the species diversity of lethal amanitas is strongly underestimated under the current taxonomy. The intercontinental sister species or sister groups relationships among East Asia and eastern North America or Eurasia–North America–Central America within lethal amanitas are best explained by the diversification model of Palaeotropical origin, dispersal via the Bering Land Bridge, followed by regional vicariance speciation resulting from climate change during the middle Oligocene to the present. These findings indicate the importance of both dispersal and vicariance in shaping the intercontinental distributions of these ectomycorrhizal fungi. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Cai, Qing Tulloss, Rodham E Tang, Li P Tolgor, Bau Zhang, Ping Chen, Zuo H Yang, Zhu L |
author_facet |
Cai, Qing Tulloss, Rodham E Tang, Li P Tolgor, Bau Zhang, Ping Chen, Zuo H Yang, Zhu L |
author_sort |
Cai, Qing |
title |
Multi-locus phylogeny of lethal amanitas: Implications for species diversity and historical biogeography |
title_short |
Multi-locus phylogeny of lethal amanitas: Implications for species diversity and historical biogeography |
title_full |
Multi-locus phylogeny of lethal amanitas: Implications for species diversity and historical biogeography |
title_fullStr |
Multi-locus phylogeny of lethal amanitas: Implications for species diversity and historical biogeography |
title_full_unstemmed |
Multi-locus phylogeny of lethal amanitas: Implications for species diversity and historical biogeography |
title_sort |
multi-locus phylogeny of lethal amanitas: implications for species diversity and historical biogeography |
publisher |
BioMed Central Ltd. |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/14/143 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-62.597,-62.597,-64.529,-64.529) |
geographic |
Lagrange |
geographic_facet |
Lagrange |
genre |
Bering Land Bridge |
genre_facet |
Bering Land Bridge |
op_relation |
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/14/143 |
op_rights |
Copyright 2014 Cai et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. |
_version_ |
1766376658015617024 |