Microclimatic Zonation and Climatic Variability of Sikkim Himalaya
The Köppen classification of climate integrates precipitation and temperature information with natural vegetation patterns to create a precise representation of any particular region's climate. This integration depends on the empirical relationship of climate and vegetation, which indicates tha...
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ftbilinugalpubl:oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6684 2024-09-15T18:39:55+00:00 Microclimatic Zonation and Climatic Variability of Sikkim Himalaya Kumar, Pramod Dutta, Kuldeep Kumar Ranjan, Rakesh Wanjari, Nishchal Kumar Misra, Anil 2024-07-25 application/pdf https://journals.bilpubgroup.com/index.php/jasr/article/view/6684 eng eng BILINGUAL PUBLISHING GROUP https://journals.bilpubgroup.com/index.php/jasr/article/view/6684/5386 https://journals.bilpubgroup.com/index.php/jasr/article/view/6684 Copyright © 2024 Pramod Kumar, Kuldeep Dutta, Rakesh Kumar Ranjan, Nishchal Wanjari, Anil Kumar Misra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Journal of Atmospheric Science Research; Vol. 7 , Iss. 3 (July 2024); 80-110 2630-5119 Climate variability Köppen classification Himalaya ERA5-Land Climate change impacts Extremes info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2024 ftbilinugalpubl 2024-08-07T03:02:47Z The Köppen classification of climate integrates precipitation and temperature information with natural vegetation patterns to create a precise representation of any particular region's climate. This integration depends on the empirical relationship of climate and vegetation, which indicates that distinct locations in the same class have similar vegetation attributes. Köppen climatic classification factors are explained and Sikkim's climate characteristics are regionalized based on it. The method for making representations of air temperatures and precipitation has been described, and an illustration of Sikkim's climatic zones with variability is generated as a result of these changes. The geographic pattern of climatic types and subtypes in Sikkim has been briefly addressed using an available high-resolution gridded dataset (ERA5-Land). This is described that the constraints of microclimatic zonation emanate from the empirical prerequisite of climate classifications, as well as the nature of data selection and the methodologies employed for climate variability analysis and classification. Based on the Köppen classification for the long term (1980–2021), the Sikkim Himalaya contains three primary climatic classes, particularly ETc (cold, tundra, and cool summer), Cfc (moderately warm, humid, and cool summer), and Cfb (moderately warm, humid, and warm summer). Climate variability on the basis of temperature and precipitation change with respect to 1980–2021 over the entire Sikkim Himalaya concludes that the climatic pattern of the Sikkim has been changed from cold-dry to warm-wet. The alteration in the corresponding climatic pattern is further supported by changes in LULC and NDVI. The results suggest that the precipitation change in the past two decades (1980–2000) is negative, while a significant positive change has been noticed in the recent two decades (2001–2021). Subsequently, the number of extremely wet days decreases in the entire ETc and Cfc climate zones. Regardless, the southern part of the Cfb climatic ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Tundra Bilingual Publishing Co. (BPC): E-Journals |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Bilingual Publishing Co. (BPC): E-Journals |
op_collection_id |
ftbilinugalpubl |
language |
English |
topic |
Climate variability Köppen classification Himalaya ERA5-Land Climate change impacts Extremes |
spellingShingle |
Climate variability Köppen classification Himalaya ERA5-Land Climate change impacts Extremes Kumar, Pramod Dutta, Kuldeep Kumar Ranjan, Rakesh Wanjari, Nishchal Kumar Misra, Anil Microclimatic Zonation and Climatic Variability of Sikkim Himalaya |
topic_facet |
Climate variability Köppen classification Himalaya ERA5-Land Climate change impacts Extremes |
description |
The Köppen classification of climate integrates precipitation and temperature information with natural vegetation patterns to create a precise representation of any particular region's climate. This integration depends on the empirical relationship of climate and vegetation, which indicates that distinct locations in the same class have similar vegetation attributes. Köppen climatic classification factors are explained and Sikkim's climate characteristics are regionalized based on it. The method for making representations of air temperatures and precipitation has been described, and an illustration of Sikkim's climatic zones with variability is generated as a result of these changes. The geographic pattern of climatic types and subtypes in Sikkim has been briefly addressed using an available high-resolution gridded dataset (ERA5-Land). This is described that the constraints of microclimatic zonation emanate from the empirical prerequisite of climate classifications, as well as the nature of data selection and the methodologies employed for climate variability analysis and classification. Based on the Köppen classification for the long term (1980–2021), the Sikkim Himalaya contains three primary climatic classes, particularly ETc (cold, tundra, and cool summer), Cfc (moderately warm, humid, and cool summer), and Cfb (moderately warm, humid, and warm summer). Climate variability on the basis of temperature and precipitation change with respect to 1980–2021 over the entire Sikkim Himalaya concludes that the climatic pattern of the Sikkim has been changed from cold-dry to warm-wet. The alteration in the corresponding climatic pattern is further supported by changes in LULC and NDVI. The results suggest that the precipitation change in the past two decades (1980–2000) is negative, while a significant positive change has been noticed in the recent two decades (2001–2021). Subsequently, the number of extremely wet days decreases in the entire ETc and Cfc climate zones. Regardless, the southern part of the Cfb climatic ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kumar, Pramod Dutta, Kuldeep Kumar Ranjan, Rakesh Wanjari, Nishchal Kumar Misra, Anil |
author_facet |
Kumar, Pramod Dutta, Kuldeep Kumar Ranjan, Rakesh Wanjari, Nishchal Kumar Misra, Anil |
author_sort |
Kumar, Pramod |
title |
Microclimatic Zonation and Climatic Variability of Sikkim Himalaya |
title_short |
Microclimatic Zonation and Climatic Variability of Sikkim Himalaya |
title_full |
Microclimatic Zonation and Climatic Variability of Sikkim Himalaya |
title_fullStr |
Microclimatic Zonation and Climatic Variability of Sikkim Himalaya |
title_full_unstemmed |
Microclimatic Zonation and Climatic Variability of Sikkim Himalaya |
title_sort |
microclimatic zonation and climatic variability of sikkim himalaya |
publisher |
BILINGUAL PUBLISHING GROUP |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://journals.bilpubgroup.com/index.php/jasr/article/view/6684 |
genre |
Tundra |
genre_facet |
Tundra |
op_source |
Journal of Atmospheric Science Research; Vol. 7 , Iss. 3 (July 2024); 80-110 2630-5119 |
op_relation |
https://journals.bilpubgroup.com/index.php/jasr/article/view/6684/5386 https://journals.bilpubgroup.com/index.php/jasr/article/view/6684 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2024 Pramod Kumar, Kuldeep Dutta, Rakesh Kumar Ranjan, Nishchal Wanjari, Anil Kumar Misra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 |
_version_ |
1810484251929346048 |