Brinicles as a case of inverse chemical gardens
Brinicles are hollow tubes of ice from centimeters to meters in length that form under floating sea ice in the polar oceans when dense, cold brine drains downward from sea ice to seawater close to its freezing point. When this extremely cold brine leaves the ice, it freezes the water it comes into c...
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ftbcam:oai:bird.bcamath.org:20.500.11824/404 2023-06-11T04:16:34+02:00 Brinicles as a case of inverse chemical gardens Cartwright, J.H.E. Escribano, B. González, D.L. Sainz-Díaz, C.I. Tuval, I. 2013-12-31 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11824/404 https://doi.org/10.1021/la4009703 eng eng https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879527459&doi=10.1021%2fla4009703&partnerID=40&md5=46b3f998189ae9dc063167292e0367f2 0743-7463 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11824/404 doi:10.1021/la4009703 Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 España http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/es/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2013 ftbcam https://doi.org/20.500.11824/40410.1021/la4009703 2023-04-25T23:49:13Z Brinicles are hollow tubes of ice from centimeters to meters in length that form under floating sea ice in the polar oceans when dense, cold brine drains downward from sea ice to seawater close to its freezing point. When this extremely cold brine leaves the ice, it freezes the water it comes into contact with: a hollow tube of ice - a brinicle - growing downward around the plume of descending brine. We show that brinicles can be understood as a form of the self-assembled tubular precipitation structures termed chemical gardens, which are plantlike structures formed on placing together a soluble metal salt, often in the form of a seed crystal, and an aqueous solution of one of many anions, often silicate. On one hand, in the case of classical chemical gardens, an osmotic pressure difference across a semipermeable precipitation membrane that filters solutions by rejecting the solute leads to an inflow of water and to its rupture. The internal solution, generally being lighter than the external solution, flows up through the break, and as it does so, a tube grows upward by precipitation around the jet of internal solution. Such chemical-garden tubes can grow to many centimeters in length. In the case of brinicles, on the other hand, in floating sea ice we have porous ice in a mushy layer that filters out water, by freezing it, and allows concentrated brine through. Again there is an osmotic pressure difference leading to a continuing ingress of seawater in a siphon pump mechanism that is sustained as long as the ice continues to freeze. Because the brine that is pumped out is denser than the seawater and descends rather than rises, a brinicle is a downward-growing tube of ice, an inverse chemical garden. Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice BIRD - BCAM's Institutional Repository Data (Basque Center for Applied Mathematics) Langmuir 29 25 7655 7660 |
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ftbcam |
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English |
description |
Brinicles are hollow tubes of ice from centimeters to meters in length that form under floating sea ice in the polar oceans when dense, cold brine drains downward from sea ice to seawater close to its freezing point. When this extremely cold brine leaves the ice, it freezes the water it comes into contact with: a hollow tube of ice - a brinicle - growing downward around the plume of descending brine. We show that brinicles can be understood as a form of the self-assembled tubular precipitation structures termed chemical gardens, which are plantlike structures formed on placing together a soluble metal salt, often in the form of a seed crystal, and an aqueous solution of one of many anions, often silicate. On one hand, in the case of classical chemical gardens, an osmotic pressure difference across a semipermeable precipitation membrane that filters solutions by rejecting the solute leads to an inflow of water and to its rupture. The internal solution, generally being lighter than the external solution, flows up through the break, and as it does so, a tube grows upward by precipitation around the jet of internal solution. Such chemical-garden tubes can grow to many centimeters in length. In the case of brinicles, on the other hand, in floating sea ice we have porous ice in a mushy layer that filters out water, by freezing it, and allows concentrated brine through. Again there is an osmotic pressure difference leading to a continuing ingress of seawater in a siphon pump mechanism that is sustained as long as the ice continues to freeze. Because the brine that is pumped out is denser than the seawater and descends rather than rises, a brinicle is a downward-growing tube of ice, an inverse chemical garden. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Cartwright, J.H.E. Escribano, B. González, D.L. Sainz-Díaz, C.I. Tuval, I. |
spellingShingle |
Cartwright, J.H.E. Escribano, B. González, D.L. Sainz-Díaz, C.I. Tuval, I. Brinicles as a case of inverse chemical gardens |
author_facet |
Cartwright, J.H.E. Escribano, B. González, D.L. Sainz-Díaz, C.I. Tuval, I. |
author_sort |
Cartwright, J.H.E. |
title |
Brinicles as a case of inverse chemical gardens |
title_short |
Brinicles as a case of inverse chemical gardens |
title_full |
Brinicles as a case of inverse chemical gardens |
title_fullStr |
Brinicles as a case of inverse chemical gardens |
title_full_unstemmed |
Brinicles as a case of inverse chemical gardens |
title_sort |
brinicles as a case of inverse chemical gardens |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11824/404 https://doi.org/10.1021/la4009703 |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_relation |
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879527459&doi=10.1021%2fla4009703&partnerID=40&md5=46b3f998189ae9dc063167292e0367f2 0743-7463 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11824/404 doi:10.1021/la4009703 |
op_rights |
Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 España http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/es/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/20.500.11824/40410.1021/la4009703 |
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Langmuir |
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29 |
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25 |
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7660 |
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