Unraveling the complexities of the Last Glacial Maximum climate: the role of individual boundary conditions and forcings
In order to quantify the relative importance of individual boundary conditions and forcings, including greenhouse gases, ice sheets, and Earth’s orbital parameters, on determining Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) climate, we have performed a series of LGM experiments using a state-of-the-art climate model...
Published in: | Climate of the Past |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2023
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/58129/ https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/58129/1/Shi_et_al_2023_248.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2157-2023 https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.7aff459b-3764-461c-a9d1-4130d5d8d9c0 |
id |
ftawi:oai:epic.awi.de:58129 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftawi:oai:epic.awi.de:58129 2023-12-24T10:07:48+01:00 Unraveling the complexities of the Last Glacial Maximum climate: the role of individual boundary conditions and forcings Shi, Xiaoxu Werner, Martin Yang, Hu D'Agostino, Roberta Liu, Jiping Yang, Chaoyuan Lohmann, Gerrit 2023-11-02 application/pdf https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/58129/ https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/58129/1/Shi_et_al_2023_248.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2157-2023 https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.7aff459b-3764-461c-a9d1-4130d5d8d9c0 unknown Copernicus Publications https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/58129/1/Shi_et_al_2023_248.pdf Shi, X. , Werner, M. orcid:0000-0002-6473-0243 , Yang, H. , D'Agostino, R. , Liu, J. , Yang, C. and Lohmann, G. orcid:0000-0003-2089-733X (2023) Unraveling the complexities of the Last Glacial Maximum climate: the role of individual boundary conditions and forcings , Climate of the Past, 19 (11), pp. 2157-2175 . doi:10.5194/cp-19-2157-2023 <https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2157-2023> , hdl:10013/epic.7aff459b-3764-461c-a9d1-4130d5d8d9c0 EPIC3Climate of the Past, Copernicus Publications, 19(11), pp. 2157-2175, ISSN: 1814-9324 Article isiRev 2023 ftawi https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2157-2023 2023-11-27T00:23:17Z In order to quantify the relative importance of individual boundary conditions and forcings, including greenhouse gases, ice sheets, and Earth’s orbital parameters, on determining Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) climate, we have performed a series of LGM experiments using a state-of-the-art climate model AWI-ESM, in which different combinations of boundary conditions and forcings have been applied following the protocol of Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project phase 4 (PMIP4). In good agreement with observational proxy records, a general colder and drier climate is simulated in our full-forced LGM experiment as compared to the present-day simulation. Our simulated results from non-full-forced sensitivity simulations reveal that both the greenhouse gases and ice sheets play a major role in defining the anomalous LGM surface temperature compared to today. Decreased greenhouse gases in LGM as compared to present day leads to a non-uniform global cooling with polar amplification effect. The presence of LGM ice sheets favors a warming over the Arctic and northern Atlantic oceans in boreal winter, as well as a cooling over regions with the presence of ice sheets. The former is induced by a strengthening in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) transporting more heat to high latitudes, whilst the latter is due to the increased surface albedo and elevation of ice sheets. We find that the Northern Hemisphere monsoon precipitation is influenced by the opposing effects of LGM greenhouse gases and ice sheets. Specifically, the presence of ice sheets leads to significant drying in the Northern Hemisphere monsoon regions, while a reduction in greenhouse gases results in increased monsoon rainfall. Based on our model results, continental ice sheets exert a major control on atmospheric dynamics and the variability of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Moreover, our analysis also implies a nonlinearity in climate response to LGM boundary conditions and forcings. Article in Journal/Newspaper albedo Arctic Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar- and Marine Research (AWI): ePIC (electronic Publication Information Center) Arctic Climate of the Past 19 11 2157 2175 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar- and Marine Research (AWI): ePIC (electronic Publication Information Center) |
op_collection_id |
ftawi |
language |
unknown |
description |
In order to quantify the relative importance of individual boundary conditions and forcings, including greenhouse gases, ice sheets, and Earth’s orbital parameters, on determining Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) climate, we have performed a series of LGM experiments using a state-of-the-art climate model AWI-ESM, in which different combinations of boundary conditions and forcings have been applied following the protocol of Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project phase 4 (PMIP4). In good agreement with observational proxy records, a general colder and drier climate is simulated in our full-forced LGM experiment as compared to the present-day simulation. Our simulated results from non-full-forced sensitivity simulations reveal that both the greenhouse gases and ice sheets play a major role in defining the anomalous LGM surface temperature compared to today. Decreased greenhouse gases in LGM as compared to present day leads to a non-uniform global cooling with polar amplification effect. The presence of LGM ice sheets favors a warming over the Arctic and northern Atlantic oceans in boreal winter, as well as a cooling over regions with the presence of ice sheets. The former is induced by a strengthening in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) transporting more heat to high latitudes, whilst the latter is due to the increased surface albedo and elevation of ice sheets. We find that the Northern Hemisphere monsoon precipitation is influenced by the opposing effects of LGM greenhouse gases and ice sheets. Specifically, the presence of ice sheets leads to significant drying in the Northern Hemisphere monsoon regions, while a reduction in greenhouse gases results in increased monsoon rainfall. Based on our model results, continental ice sheets exert a major control on atmospheric dynamics and the variability of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Moreover, our analysis also implies a nonlinearity in climate response to LGM boundary conditions and forcings. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Shi, Xiaoxu Werner, Martin Yang, Hu D'Agostino, Roberta Liu, Jiping Yang, Chaoyuan Lohmann, Gerrit |
spellingShingle |
Shi, Xiaoxu Werner, Martin Yang, Hu D'Agostino, Roberta Liu, Jiping Yang, Chaoyuan Lohmann, Gerrit Unraveling the complexities of the Last Glacial Maximum climate: the role of individual boundary conditions and forcings |
author_facet |
Shi, Xiaoxu Werner, Martin Yang, Hu D'Agostino, Roberta Liu, Jiping Yang, Chaoyuan Lohmann, Gerrit |
author_sort |
Shi, Xiaoxu |
title |
Unraveling the complexities of the Last Glacial Maximum climate: the role of individual boundary conditions and forcings |
title_short |
Unraveling the complexities of the Last Glacial Maximum climate: the role of individual boundary conditions and forcings |
title_full |
Unraveling the complexities of the Last Glacial Maximum climate: the role of individual boundary conditions and forcings |
title_fullStr |
Unraveling the complexities of the Last Glacial Maximum climate: the role of individual boundary conditions and forcings |
title_full_unstemmed |
Unraveling the complexities of the Last Glacial Maximum climate: the role of individual boundary conditions and forcings |
title_sort |
unraveling the complexities of the last glacial maximum climate: the role of individual boundary conditions and forcings |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/58129/ https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/58129/1/Shi_et_al_2023_248.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2157-2023 https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.7aff459b-3764-461c-a9d1-4130d5d8d9c0 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
albedo Arctic |
genre_facet |
albedo Arctic |
op_source |
EPIC3Climate of the Past, Copernicus Publications, 19(11), pp. 2157-2175, ISSN: 1814-9324 |
op_relation |
https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/58129/1/Shi_et_al_2023_248.pdf Shi, X. , Werner, M. orcid:0000-0002-6473-0243 , Yang, H. , D'Agostino, R. , Liu, J. , Yang, C. and Lohmann, G. orcid:0000-0003-2089-733X (2023) Unraveling the complexities of the Last Glacial Maximum climate: the role of individual boundary conditions and forcings , Climate of the Past, 19 (11), pp. 2157-2175 . doi:10.5194/cp-19-2157-2023 <https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2157-2023> , hdl:10013/epic.7aff459b-3764-461c-a9d1-4130d5d8d9c0 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2157-2023 |
container_title |
Climate of the Past |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
2157 |
op_container_end_page |
2175 |
_version_ |
1786156474350698496 |