Trends and variability in the ocean carbon sink
The ocean has absorbed 25 ± 2% of the total anthropogenic CO2 emissions from the early 1960s to the late 2010s, with rates more than tripling over this period and with a mean uptake of –2.7 ± 0.3 Pg C year–1 for the period 1990 through 2019. This growth of the ocean sink matches expectations based o...
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ftawi:oai:epic.awi.de:57942 2023-10-09T21:56:03+02:00 Trends and variability in the ocean carbon sink Gruber, Nicolas Bakker, Dorothee CE DeVries, Tim Gregor, Luke Hauck, Judith Landschützer, Peter McKinley, Galen A Müller, Jens Daniel 2023-02-01 application/pdf https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/57942/ https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/57942/1/NREE-Gruber_final_accepted_vs_26nov22.pdf https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00381-x https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.a5633c77-c75c-4650-8094-7ed6c4eb76ca unknown Springer Nature https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/57942/1/NREE-Gruber_final_accepted_vs_26nov22.pdf Gruber, N. , Bakker, D. C. , DeVries, T. , Gregor, L. , Hauck, J. orcid:0000-0003-4723-9652 , Landschützer, P. , McKinley, G. A. and Müller, J. D. (2023) Trends and variability in the ocean carbon sink , Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 4 (2), pp. 119-134 . doi:10.1038/s43017-022-00381-x <https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00381-x> , hdl:10013/epic.a5633c77-c75c-4650-8094-7ed6c4eb76ca EPIC3Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 4(2), pp. 119-134, ISSN: 2662-138X Article isiRev 2023 ftawi https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00381-x 2023-09-10T23:22:09Z The ocean has absorbed 25 ± 2% of the total anthropogenic CO2 emissions from the early 1960s to the late 2010s, with rates more than tripling over this period and with a mean uptake of –2.7 ± 0.3 Pg C year–1 for the period 1990 through 2019. This growth of the ocean sink matches expectations based on the increase in atmospheric CO2, but research has shown that the sink is more variable than long assumed. In this Review, we discuss trends and variations in the ocean carbon sink. The sink stagnated during the 1990s with rates hovering around –2 Pg C year–1, but strengthened again after approximately 2000, taking up around –3 Pg C year–1 for 2010–2019. The most conspicuous changes in uptake occurred in the high latitudes, especially the Southern Ocean. These variations are caused by changes in weather and climate, but a volcanic eruption-induced reduction in the atmospheric CO2 growth rate and the associated global cooling contributed as well. Understanding the variability of the ocean carbon sink is crucial for policy making and projecting its future evolution, especially in the context of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change stocktaking activities and the deployment of CO2 removal methods. This goal will require a global-level effort to sustain and expand the current observational networks and to better integrate these observations with models. Article in Journal/Newspaper Southern Ocean Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar- and Marine Research (AWI): ePIC (electronic Publication Information Center) Southern Ocean Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 4 2 119 134 |
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Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar- and Marine Research (AWI): ePIC (electronic Publication Information Center) |
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ftawi |
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description |
The ocean has absorbed 25 ± 2% of the total anthropogenic CO2 emissions from the early 1960s to the late 2010s, with rates more than tripling over this period and with a mean uptake of –2.7 ± 0.3 Pg C year–1 for the period 1990 through 2019. This growth of the ocean sink matches expectations based on the increase in atmospheric CO2, but research has shown that the sink is more variable than long assumed. In this Review, we discuss trends and variations in the ocean carbon sink. The sink stagnated during the 1990s with rates hovering around –2 Pg C year–1, but strengthened again after approximately 2000, taking up around –3 Pg C year–1 for 2010–2019. The most conspicuous changes in uptake occurred in the high latitudes, especially the Southern Ocean. These variations are caused by changes in weather and climate, but a volcanic eruption-induced reduction in the atmospheric CO2 growth rate and the associated global cooling contributed as well. Understanding the variability of the ocean carbon sink is crucial for policy making and projecting its future evolution, especially in the context of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change stocktaking activities and the deployment of CO2 removal methods. This goal will require a global-level effort to sustain and expand the current observational networks and to better integrate these observations with models. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Gruber, Nicolas Bakker, Dorothee CE DeVries, Tim Gregor, Luke Hauck, Judith Landschützer, Peter McKinley, Galen A Müller, Jens Daniel |
spellingShingle |
Gruber, Nicolas Bakker, Dorothee CE DeVries, Tim Gregor, Luke Hauck, Judith Landschützer, Peter McKinley, Galen A Müller, Jens Daniel Trends and variability in the ocean carbon sink |
author_facet |
Gruber, Nicolas Bakker, Dorothee CE DeVries, Tim Gregor, Luke Hauck, Judith Landschützer, Peter McKinley, Galen A Müller, Jens Daniel |
author_sort |
Gruber, Nicolas |
title |
Trends and variability in the ocean carbon sink |
title_short |
Trends and variability in the ocean carbon sink |
title_full |
Trends and variability in the ocean carbon sink |
title_fullStr |
Trends and variability in the ocean carbon sink |
title_full_unstemmed |
Trends and variability in the ocean carbon sink |
title_sort |
trends and variability in the ocean carbon sink |
publisher |
Springer Nature |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/57942/ https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/57942/1/NREE-Gruber_final_accepted_vs_26nov22.pdf https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00381-x https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.a5633c77-c75c-4650-8094-7ed6c4eb76ca |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean |
op_source |
EPIC3Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 4(2), pp. 119-134, ISSN: 2662-138X |
op_relation |
https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/57942/1/NREE-Gruber_final_accepted_vs_26nov22.pdf Gruber, N. , Bakker, D. C. , DeVries, T. , Gregor, L. , Hauck, J. orcid:0000-0003-4723-9652 , Landschützer, P. , McKinley, G. A. and Müller, J. D. (2023) Trends and variability in the ocean carbon sink , Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 4 (2), pp. 119-134 . doi:10.1038/s43017-022-00381-x <https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00381-x> , hdl:10013/epic.a5633c77-c75c-4650-8094-7ed6c4eb76ca |
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00381-x |
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Nature Reviews Earth & Environment |
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4 |
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119 |
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134 |
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