Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice
Snow on sea ice alters the properties of the underlying ice cover as well as associated physical and biological processes at the interfaces between atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean. The Antarctic snow cover persists during most of the year and contributes significantly to the sea-ice mass due to the w...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
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Online Access: | https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/44409/ https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/44409/1/jgrc22171.pdf http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JC012325/epdf https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.50741 https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.50741.d001 |
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ftawi:oai:epic.awi.de:44409 2024-09-15T17:42:06+00:00 Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice Arndt, Stefanie Meiners, Klaus M. Ricker, Robert Krumpen, Thomas Katlein, Christian Nicolaus, Marcel 2017 application/pdf https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/44409/ https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/44409/1/jgrc22171.pdf http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JC012325/epdf https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.50741 https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.50741.d001 unknown Wiley https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/44409/1/jgrc22171.pdf https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.50741.d001 Arndt, S. orcid:0000-0001-9782-3844 , Meiners, K. M. , Ricker, R. orcid:0000-0001-6928-7757 , Krumpen, T. orcid:0000-0001-6234-8756 , Katlein, C. orcid:0000-0003-2422-0414 and Nicolaus, M. orcid:0000-0003-0903-1746 (2017) Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice , Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 122 (3), pp. 2108-2119 . doi:10.1002/2016JC012325 <https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012325> , hdl:10013/epic.50741 EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, Wiley, 122(3), pp. 2108-2119, ISSN: 0148-0227 Article isiRev 2017 ftawi https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012325 2024-06-24T04:17:43Z Snow on sea ice alters the properties of the underlying ice cover as well as associated physical and biological processes at the interfaces between atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean. The Antarctic snow cover persists during most of the year and contributes significantly to the sea-ice mass due to the widespread surface flooding and related snow-ice formation. Snow also enhances the sea-ice surface reflectivity of incoming shortwave radiation and determines therefore the amount of light being reflected, absorbed, and transmitted to the upper ocean. Here, we present results of a case study of spectral solar radiation measurements under Antarctic pack ice with an instrumented Remotely Operated Vehicle in the Weddell Sea in 2013. In order to identify the key variables controlling the spatial distribution of the under-ice light regime, we exploit under-ice optical measurements in combination with simultaneous characterization of surface properties, such as sea-ice thickness and snow depth. Our results reveal that the distribution of flooded and nonflooded sea-ice areas dominates the spatial scales of under-ice light variability for areas smaller than 100 m-by-100 m. However, the heterogeneous and highly metamorphous snow on Antarctic pack ice obscures a direct correlation between the under-ice light field and snow depth. Compared to the Arctic, light levels under Antarctic pack ice are extremely low during spring (<0.1%). This is mostly a result of the distinctly different dominant sea ice and snow properties with seasonal snow cover (including strong surface melt and summer melt ponds) in the Arctic and a year-round snow cover and widespread surface flooding in the Southern Ocean. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Sea ice Southern Ocean Weddell Sea Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar- and Marine Research (AWI): ePIC (electronic Publication Information Center) Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 122 3 2108 2119 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar- and Marine Research (AWI): ePIC (electronic Publication Information Center) |
op_collection_id |
ftawi |
language |
unknown |
description |
Snow on sea ice alters the properties of the underlying ice cover as well as associated physical and biological processes at the interfaces between atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean. The Antarctic snow cover persists during most of the year and contributes significantly to the sea-ice mass due to the widespread surface flooding and related snow-ice formation. Snow also enhances the sea-ice surface reflectivity of incoming shortwave radiation and determines therefore the amount of light being reflected, absorbed, and transmitted to the upper ocean. Here, we present results of a case study of spectral solar radiation measurements under Antarctic pack ice with an instrumented Remotely Operated Vehicle in the Weddell Sea in 2013. In order to identify the key variables controlling the spatial distribution of the under-ice light regime, we exploit under-ice optical measurements in combination with simultaneous characterization of surface properties, such as sea-ice thickness and snow depth. Our results reveal that the distribution of flooded and nonflooded sea-ice areas dominates the spatial scales of under-ice light variability for areas smaller than 100 m-by-100 m. However, the heterogeneous and highly metamorphous snow on Antarctic pack ice obscures a direct correlation between the under-ice light field and snow depth. Compared to the Arctic, light levels under Antarctic pack ice are extremely low during spring (<0.1%). This is mostly a result of the distinctly different dominant sea ice and snow properties with seasonal snow cover (including strong surface melt and summer melt ponds) in the Arctic and a year-round snow cover and widespread surface flooding in the Southern Ocean. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Arndt, Stefanie Meiners, Klaus M. Ricker, Robert Krumpen, Thomas Katlein, Christian Nicolaus, Marcel |
spellingShingle |
Arndt, Stefanie Meiners, Klaus M. Ricker, Robert Krumpen, Thomas Katlein, Christian Nicolaus, Marcel Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice |
author_facet |
Arndt, Stefanie Meiners, Klaus M. Ricker, Robert Krumpen, Thomas Katlein, Christian Nicolaus, Marcel |
author_sort |
Arndt, Stefanie |
title |
Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice |
title_short |
Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice |
title_full |
Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice |
title_fullStr |
Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice |
title_full_unstemmed |
Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice |
title_sort |
influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through antarctic pack ice |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/44409/ https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/44409/1/jgrc22171.pdf http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JC012325/epdf https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.50741 https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.50741.d001 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Sea ice Southern Ocean Weddell Sea |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Sea ice Southern Ocean Weddell Sea |
op_source |
EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, Wiley, 122(3), pp. 2108-2119, ISSN: 0148-0227 |
op_relation |
https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/44409/1/jgrc22171.pdf https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.50741.d001 Arndt, S. orcid:0000-0001-9782-3844 , Meiners, K. M. , Ricker, R. orcid:0000-0001-6928-7757 , Krumpen, T. orcid:0000-0001-6234-8756 , Katlein, C. orcid:0000-0003-2422-0414 and Nicolaus, M. orcid:0000-0003-0903-1746 (2017) Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice , Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 122 (3), pp. 2108-2119 . doi:10.1002/2016JC012325 <https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012325> , hdl:10013/epic.50741 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012325 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
container_volume |
122 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
2108 |
op_container_end_page |
2119 |
_version_ |
1810488528207872000 |