Polar Stratospheric Cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by CALIPSO and MLS, and modeled by ATLAS
We examined observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) by CALIPSO and of HCl, ClO and HNO3 by MLS along air mass trajectories to investigate the dependence of the inferred PSC composition on the temperature history of the air parcels, and the dependence of the level of chlorine activation on...
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COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
2016
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Online Access: | https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/39718/ https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/39718/1/acp-16-3311-2016.pdf http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/3311/2016/ https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.47392 https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.47392.d001 |
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ftawi:oai:epic.awi.de:39718 2023-05-15T15:12:11+02:00 Polar Stratospheric Cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by CALIPSO and MLS, and modeled by ATLAS Nakajima, H. Wohltmann, Ingo Wegner, T. Takeda, M. Pitts, M. C. Poole, L. R. Lehmann, Ralph Santee, M. L. Rex, Markus 2016-03-14 application/pdf https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/39718/ https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/39718/1/acp-16-3311-2016.pdf http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/3311/2016/ https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.47392 https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.47392.d001 unknown COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/39718/1/acp-16-3311-2016.pdf https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.47392.d001 Nakajima, H. , Wohltmann, I. orcid:0000-0003-4606-6788 , Wegner, T. , Takeda, M. , Pitts, M. C. , Poole, L. R. , Lehmann, R. , Santee, M. L. and Rex, M. orcid:0000-0001-7847-8221 (2016) Polar Stratospheric Cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by CALIPSO and MLS, and modeled by ATLAS , Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16 , pp. 3311-3325 . doi:10.5194/acp-16-3311-2016 <https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3311-2016> , hdl:10013/epic.47392 EPIC3Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 16, pp. 3311-3325, ISSN: 1680-7316 Article isiRev 2016 ftawi https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3311-2016 2021-12-24T15:41:08Z We examined observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) by CALIPSO and of HCl, ClO and HNO3 by MLS along air mass trajectories to investigate the dependence of the inferred PSC composition on the temperature history of the air parcels, and the dependence of the level of chlorine activation on PSC composition. Several case studies based on individual trajectories from the Arctic winter 2009/10 were conducted, with the trajectories chosen such that the first processing of the air mass by PSCs in this winter occurred on the trajectory. Transitions of PSC composition classes were observed to be highly dependent on the temperature history. In cases of a gradual temperature decrease, nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) and super-cooled ternary solution (STS) mixture clouds were observed. In cases of rapid temperature decrease, STS clouds were first observed, followed by NAT/STS mixture clouds. When temperatures dropped below the frost point, ice clouds formed, and then transformed into NAT/STS mixture clouds when temperature increased above the frost point. The threshold temperature for rapid chlorine activation on PSCs is approximately 4 K below the NAT existence temperature, TNAT. Furthermore, simulations of the ATLAS chemistry and transport box model along the trajectories were used to corroborate the measurements and show good agreement with the observations. Rapid chlorine activation was observed when an airmass encountered PSCs. The observed and modelled dependence of the rate of chlorine activation on the PSC composition class was small. Usually, chlorine activation was limited by the amount of available ClONO2. Where ClONO2 was not the limiting factor, a large dependence on temperature was evident. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar- and Marine Research (AWI): ePIC (electronic Publication Information Center) Arctic Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16 5 3311 3325 |
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Open Polar |
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Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar- and Marine Research (AWI): ePIC (electronic Publication Information Center) |
op_collection_id |
ftawi |
language |
unknown |
description |
We examined observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) by CALIPSO and of HCl, ClO and HNO3 by MLS along air mass trajectories to investigate the dependence of the inferred PSC composition on the temperature history of the air parcels, and the dependence of the level of chlorine activation on PSC composition. Several case studies based on individual trajectories from the Arctic winter 2009/10 were conducted, with the trajectories chosen such that the first processing of the air mass by PSCs in this winter occurred on the trajectory. Transitions of PSC composition classes were observed to be highly dependent on the temperature history. In cases of a gradual temperature decrease, nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) and super-cooled ternary solution (STS) mixture clouds were observed. In cases of rapid temperature decrease, STS clouds were first observed, followed by NAT/STS mixture clouds. When temperatures dropped below the frost point, ice clouds formed, and then transformed into NAT/STS mixture clouds when temperature increased above the frost point. The threshold temperature for rapid chlorine activation on PSCs is approximately 4 K below the NAT existence temperature, TNAT. Furthermore, simulations of the ATLAS chemistry and transport box model along the trajectories were used to corroborate the measurements and show good agreement with the observations. Rapid chlorine activation was observed when an airmass encountered PSCs. The observed and modelled dependence of the rate of chlorine activation on the PSC composition class was small. Usually, chlorine activation was limited by the amount of available ClONO2. Where ClONO2 was not the limiting factor, a large dependence on temperature was evident. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Nakajima, H. Wohltmann, Ingo Wegner, T. Takeda, M. Pitts, M. C. Poole, L. R. Lehmann, Ralph Santee, M. L. Rex, Markus |
spellingShingle |
Nakajima, H. Wohltmann, Ingo Wegner, T. Takeda, M. Pitts, M. C. Poole, L. R. Lehmann, Ralph Santee, M. L. Rex, Markus Polar Stratospheric Cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by CALIPSO and MLS, and modeled by ATLAS |
author_facet |
Nakajima, H. Wohltmann, Ingo Wegner, T. Takeda, M. Pitts, M. C. Poole, L. R. Lehmann, Ralph Santee, M. L. Rex, Markus |
author_sort |
Nakajima, H. |
title |
Polar Stratospheric Cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by CALIPSO and MLS, and modeled by ATLAS |
title_short |
Polar Stratospheric Cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by CALIPSO and MLS, and modeled by ATLAS |
title_full |
Polar Stratospheric Cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by CALIPSO and MLS, and modeled by ATLAS |
title_fullStr |
Polar Stratospheric Cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by CALIPSO and MLS, and modeled by ATLAS |
title_full_unstemmed |
Polar Stratospheric Cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by CALIPSO and MLS, and modeled by ATLAS |
title_sort |
polar stratospheric cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by calipso and mls, and modeled by atlas |
publisher |
COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/39718/ https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/39718/1/acp-16-3311-2016.pdf http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/3311/2016/ https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.47392 https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.47392.d001 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
EPIC3Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 16, pp. 3311-3325, ISSN: 1680-7316 |
op_relation |
https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/39718/1/acp-16-3311-2016.pdf https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.47392.d001 Nakajima, H. , Wohltmann, I. orcid:0000-0003-4606-6788 , Wegner, T. , Takeda, M. , Pitts, M. C. , Poole, L. R. , Lehmann, R. , Santee, M. L. and Rex, M. orcid:0000-0001-7847-8221 (2016) Polar Stratospheric Cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by CALIPSO and MLS, and modeled by ATLAS , Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16 , pp. 3311-3325 . doi:10.5194/acp-16-3311-2016 <https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3311-2016> , hdl:10013/epic.47392 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3311-2016 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
5 |
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3311 |
op_container_end_page |
3325 |
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1766342904688672768 |