Exchange of warming deep waters across Fram Strait
Current meters measured temperature and velocity on 12 moorings from 1997 to 2014 in the deep Fram Strait between Svalbard and Greenland at the only deep passage from the Nordic Seas to the Arctic Ocean. The sill depth in Fram Strait is 2545 m. The observed temperatures vary between the colder Green...
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2015
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ftawi:oai:epic.awi.de:38252 2024-09-15T17:54:15+00:00 Exchange of warming deep waters across Fram Strait von Appen, Wilken-Jon Schauer, Ursula Somavilla, Raquel Bauerfeind, Eduard Beszczynska-Möller, Agnieszka 2015-09 application/pdf https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/38252/ https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/38252/2/vonAppen_DSR_2015.pdf https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.45717 https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.45717.d002 unknown PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/38252/2/vonAppen_DSR_2015.pdf https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.45717.d002 von Appen, W. J. orcid:0000-0002-7200-0099 , Schauer, U. , Somavilla, R. , Bauerfeind, E. and Beszczynska-Möller, A. (2015) Exchange of warming deep waters across Fram Strait , Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers, 103 , pp. 86-100 . hdl:10013/epic.45717 EPIC3Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers, PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 103, pp. 86-100, ISSN: 0967-0637 Article isiRev 2015 ftawi 2024-06-24T04:12:21Z Current meters measured temperature and velocity on 12 moorings from 1997 to 2014 in the deep Fram Strait between Svalbard and Greenland at the only deep passage from the Nordic Seas to the Arctic Ocean. The sill depth in Fram Strait is 2545 m. The observed temperatures vary between the colder Greenland Sea Deep Water and the warmer Eurasian Basin Deep Water. Both end members show a linear warming trend of 0.11±0.02°C/decade (GSDW) and 0.05±0.01°C/decade (EBDW) in agreement with the deep water warming observed in the basins to the north and south. At the current warming rates, GSDW and EBDW will reach the same temperature of -0.71°C in 2020. The deep water on the approximately 40 km wide plateau near the sill in Fram Strait is a mixture of the two end members with both contributing similar amounts. This water mass is continuously formed by mixing in Fram Strait and subsequently exported out of Fram Strait. Individual measurements are approximately normally distributed around the average of the two end members. Meridionally, the mixing is confined to the plateau region. Measurements less than 20 km to the north and south have properties much closer to the properties in the respective basins (Eurasian Basin and Greenland Sea) than to the mixed water on the plateau. The temperature distribution around Fram Strait indicates that the mean flow cannot be responsible for the deep water exchange across the sill. Rather, a coherence analysis shows that energetic mesoscale flows with periods of approximately 1-2 weeks advect the deep water masses across Fram Strait. These flows appear to be barotropically forced by upper ocean mesoscale variability. We conclude that these mesoscale flows make Fram Strait a hot spot of deep water mixing in the Arctic Mediterranean. The fate of the mixed water is not clear, but after the 1990s, it does not reflect the properties of Norwegian Sea Deep Water. We propose that it currently mostly fills the deep Greenland Sea. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Ocean Fram Strait Greenland Greenland Sea Nordic Seas Norwegian Sea Svalbard Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar- and Marine Research (AWI): ePIC (electronic Publication Information Center) |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar- and Marine Research (AWI): ePIC (electronic Publication Information Center) |
op_collection_id |
ftawi |
language |
unknown |
description |
Current meters measured temperature and velocity on 12 moorings from 1997 to 2014 in the deep Fram Strait between Svalbard and Greenland at the only deep passage from the Nordic Seas to the Arctic Ocean. The sill depth in Fram Strait is 2545 m. The observed temperatures vary between the colder Greenland Sea Deep Water and the warmer Eurasian Basin Deep Water. Both end members show a linear warming trend of 0.11±0.02°C/decade (GSDW) and 0.05±0.01°C/decade (EBDW) in agreement with the deep water warming observed in the basins to the north and south. At the current warming rates, GSDW and EBDW will reach the same temperature of -0.71°C in 2020. The deep water on the approximately 40 km wide plateau near the sill in Fram Strait is a mixture of the two end members with both contributing similar amounts. This water mass is continuously formed by mixing in Fram Strait and subsequently exported out of Fram Strait. Individual measurements are approximately normally distributed around the average of the two end members. Meridionally, the mixing is confined to the plateau region. Measurements less than 20 km to the north and south have properties much closer to the properties in the respective basins (Eurasian Basin and Greenland Sea) than to the mixed water on the plateau. The temperature distribution around Fram Strait indicates that the mean flow cannot be responsible for the deep water exchange across the sill. Rather, a coherence analysis shows that energetic mesoscale flows with periods of approximately 1-2 weeks advect the deep water masses across Fram Strait. These flows appear to be barotropically forced by upper ocean mesoscale variability. We conclude that these mesoscale flows make Fram Strait a hot spot of deep water mixing in the Arctic Mediterranean. The fate of the mixed water is not clear, but after the 1990s, it does not reflect the properties of Norwegian Sea Deep Water. We propose that it currently mostly fills the deep Greenland Sea. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
von Appen, Wilken-Jon Schauer, Ursula Somavilla, Raquel Bauerfeind, Eduard Beszczynska-Möller, Agnieszka |
spellingShingle |
von Appen, Wilken-Jon Schauer, Ursula Somavilla, Raquel Bauerfeind, Eduard Beszczynska-Möller, Agnieszka Exchange of warming deep waters across Fram Strait |
author_facet |
von Appen, Wilken-Jon Schauer, Ursula Somavilla, Raquel Bauerfeind, Eduard Beszczynska-Möller, Agnieszka |
author_sort |
von Appen, Wilken-Jon |
title |
Exchange of warming deep waters across Fram Strait |
title_short |
Exchange of warming deep waters across Fram Strait |
title_full |
Exchange of warming deep waters across Fram Strait |
title_fullStr |
Exchange of warming deep waters across Fram Strait |
title_full_unstemmed |
Exchange of warming deep waters across Fram Strait |
title_sort |
exchange of warming deep waters across fram strait |
publisher |
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/38252/ https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/38252/2/vonAppen_DSR_2015.pdf https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.45717 https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.45717.d002 |
genre |
Arctic Ocean Fram Strait Greenland Greenland Sea Nordic Seas Norwegian Sea Svalbard |
genre_facet |
Arctic Ocean Fram Strait Greenland Greenland Sea Nordic Seas Norwegian Sea Svalbard |
op_source |
EPIC3Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers, PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 103, pp. 86-100, ISSN: 0967-0637 |
op_relation |
https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/38252/2/vonAppen_DSR_2015.pdf https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.45717.d002 von Appen, W. J. orcid:0000-0002-7200-0099 , Schauer, U. , Somavilla, R. , Bauerfeind, E. and Beszczynska-Möller, A. (2015) Exchange of warming deep waters across Fram Strait , Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers, 103 , pp. 86-100 . hdl:10013/epic.45717 |
_version_ |
1810430490338918400 |