The interannual variability of megafaunal assemblages in the Arctic deep sea: preliminary results from the HAUSGARTEN observatory (79ºN)

• Main Authors: Bergmann, Melanie, Soltwedel, Thomas, Klages, Michael
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2011
• Subjects: Arctic; Fram Strait; North Atlantic; North Atlantic oscillation; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/23408/; https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.37282

Although megafaunal organisms play an important role in deep benthic ecosystems and contribute significantly to benthic biomass in the Arctic little is known about their temporal dynamics. Here, we assessed the interannual dynamics of megafaunal organisms from the HAUSGARTEN observatory in the Fram Strait, an area which is particularly exposed to the effects of climate forcing. We analysed three congruent camera transects taken in 2002, 2004 and 2007. Background parameters were measured to be able to put our faunal results into an environmental context.Our results indicate that total megafaunal densities have decreased between 2002 and 2007 (12.16 ± 0.96 to 7.41±0.43 ind. m-2). This concurs with a steady increase in bottom water temperatures and a decrease in the total organic content and microbial biomass of surficial sediments. Although suspension feeder densities also decreased, predator/scavenger and deposit feeder densities have declined to such an extent that suspension feeders accounted for almost 100% of the megafauna in 2007. It could thus be argued that the trophic diversity at the central HAUSGARTEN station (2500m) has decreased. Temperature-related changes in the production of the surface layers may lead to changes in the quality and/ or quantity of particles exported to the deep seafloor. In the year following the longest ice cover, 2004, deposit feeder, namely holothuroid densities, peaked (1.14±0.13 ind. m-2). This indicates the importance of ice-related export of particles to the deep seafloor and highlights the need for time-series transects, especially in an era when productive marginal ice zones tend to disappear with the receding sea ice. Although there is a general consensus that the Arctic is in a transition towards a warmer state, only continued observation will allow us to assess if the trends observed are a result of decadal cycles related to the Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillation as observed elsewhere or if they are indicators of climate forcing.