A model study of differences of snow thinning on Arctic and Antarctic first-year sea ice during spring and summer
The one-dimensional snow model SNTHERM is validated using field measurements of snow and superimposed ice thickness and surface energy fluxes. These were performed during the spring to summer transition in Svalbard and in the Weddell Sea. Both the seasonal snow thickness decrease and the formation o...
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ftawi:oai:epic.awi.de:14047 2023-09-05T13:12:05+02:00 A model study of differences of snow thinning on Arctic and Antarctic first-year sea ice during spring and summer Nicolaus, Marcel Haas, Christian Bareiss, Jörg Willmes, S. 2006 application/pdf https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/14047/ https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/14047/1/Nic2006a.pdf https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.24393 https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.24393.d001 unknown https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/14047/1/Nic2006a.pdf https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.24393.d001 Nicolaus, M. orcid:0000-0003-0903-1746 , Haas, C. orcid:0000-0002-7674-3500 , Bareiss, J. and Willmes, S. (2006) A model study of differences of snow thinning on Arctic and Antarctic first-year sea ice during spring and summer , Annals of glaciology, 44 , pp. 147-153 . hdl:10013/epic.24393 EPIC3Annals of glaciology, 44, pp. 147-153 Article isiRev 2006 ftawi 2023-08-22T19:50:57Z The one-dimensional snow model SNTHERM is validated using field measurements of snow and superimposed ice thickness and surface energy fluxes. These were performed during the spring to summer transition in Svalbard and in the Weddell Sea. Both the seasonal snow thickness decrease and the formation of superimposed ice are well reproduced by the model. During the three observation periods, observed and modeled snow thickness differ only by 8.8 to 19.2 mm on average. In regional studies, the model is forced with atmospheric reanalysis data (ECMWF) and applied to several meridional transects across the Arctic and Southern Ocean. These show fundamental regional differences of the onset, duration, and magnitude of snow thinning in summer. In the central Arctic snow-melt onset occurs within a narrow time range of ±11 days and without significant regional differences. In contrast the snow cover on Antarctic sea ice begins to melt about 25 days earlier and the length of the Antarctic snow thinning season increases with geographic latitude. The importance of melting and evaporation for the modeled snow thickness decrease is very different in both hemispheres. The ratio of evaporated snow mass to melted snow mass per unit area are derived from the model and amount to approximately 4.2 in the Antarctic and is only 0.75 in the Arctic. This agrees with observations and model results of the surface energy balance, and illustrates the dominance of surface cooling by upward turbulent fluxes in the Antarctic. Article in Journal/Newspaper Annals of Glaciology Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Sea ice Southern Ocean Svalbard Weddell Sea Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar- and Marine Research (AWI): ePIC (electronic Publication Information Center) Antarctic Arctic Southern Ocean Svalbard The Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea |
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Open Polar |
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Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar- and Marine Research (AWI): ePIC (electronic Publication Information Center) |
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ftawi |
language |
unknown |
description |
The one-dimensional snow model SNTHERM is validated using field measurements of snow and superimposed ice thickness and surface energy fluxes. These were performed during the spring to summer transition in Svalbard and in the Weddell Sea. Both the seasonal snow thickness decrease and the formation of superimposed ice are well reproduced by the model. During the three observation periods, observed and modeled snow thickness differ only by 8.8 to 19.2 mm on average. In regional studies, the model is forced with atmospheric reanalysis data (ECMWF) and applied to several meridional transects across the Arctic and Southern Ocean. These show fundamental regional differences of the onset, duration, and magnitude of snow thinning in summer. In the central Arctic snow-melt onset occurs within a narrow time range of ±11 days and without significant regional differences. In contrast the snow cover on Antarctic sea ice begins to melt about 25 days earlier and the length of the Antarctic snow thinning season increases with geographic latitude. The importance of melting and evaporation for the modeled snow thickness decrease is very different in both hemispheres. The ratio of evaporated snow mass to melted snow mass per unit area are derived from the model and amount to approximately 4.2 in the Antarctic and is only 0.75 in the Arctic. This agrees with observations and model results of the surface energy balance, and illustrates the dominance of surface cooling by upward turbulent fluxes in the Antarctic. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Nicolaus, Marcel Haas, Christian Bareiss, Jörg Willmes, S. |
spellingShingle |
Nicolaus, Marcel Haas, Christian Bareiss, Jörg Willmes, S. A model study of differences of snow thinning on Arctic and Antarctic first-year sea ice during spring and summer |
author_facet |
Nicolaus, Marcel Haas, Christian Bareiss, Jörg Willmes, S. |
author_sort |
Nicolaus, Marcel |
title |
A model study of differences of snow thinning on Arctic and Antarctic first-year sea ice during spring and summer |
title_short |
A model study of differences of snow thinning on Arctic and Antarctic first-year sea ice during spring and summer |
title_full |
A model study of differences of snow thinning on Arctic and Antarctic first-year sea ice during spring and summer |
title_fullStr |
A model study of differences of snow thinning on Arctic and Antarctic first-year sea ice during spring and summer |
title_full_unstemmed |
A model study of differences of snow thinning on Arctic and Antarctic first-year sea ice during spring and summer |
title_sort |
model study of differences of snow thinning on arctic and antarctic first-year sea ice during spring and summer |
publishDate |
2006 |
url |
https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/14047/ https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/14047/1/Nic2006a.pdf https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.24393 https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.24393.d001 |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic Southern Ocean Svalbard The Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic Southern Ocean Svalbard The Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea |
genre |
Annals of Glaciology Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Sea ice Southern Ocean Svalbard Weddell Sea |
genre_facet |
Annals of Glaciology Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Sea ice Southern Ocean Svalbard Weddell Sea |
op_source |
EPIC3Annals of glaciology, 44, pp. 147-153 |
op_relation |
https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/14047/1/Nic2006a.pdf https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.24393.d001 Nicolaus, M. orcid:0000-0003-0903-1746 , Haas, C. orcid:0000-0002-7674-3500 , Bareiss, J. and Willmes, S. (2006) A model study of differences of snow thinning on Arctic and Antarctic first-year sea ice during spring and summer , Annals of glaciology, 44 , pp. 147-153 . hdl:10013/epic.24393 |
_version_ |
1776198909422469120 |