Simulated changes in vegetation distribution, land carbon storage, and atmospheric CO2 in response to a collapse of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation

• Main Authors: Joos, F., Köhler, Peter, Gerber, S., Knutti, R.
• Format: Conference Object
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2005
• Subjects: Antarctic; The Antarctic; Antarc*; ice core; North Atlantic; North atlantic Thermohaline circulation
• Online Access: https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/12965/; https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/12965/1/Joo2005a.pdf; https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.23363; https://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.23363.d001

It is investigated how abrupt changes in the North Atlantic (NA) thermohaline circulation (THC) affect the terrestrial carbon cycle. The Lund-Potsdam-Jena Dynamic Global Vegetation Model is forced with climate perturbations from freshwater experiments with the ECBILT-CLIO ocean-atmosphere model. A reorganization of the marine carbon cycle is not addressed. Modelled NA THC collapsed and recovered after about a millennium in response to prescribed freshwater forcing. The initial cooling of several Kelvin over Eurasia causes a reduction of extant boreal and temperate forests and a decrease in carbon storage in high northern latitudes, whereas improved growing conditions and slower soil decomposition rates lead to enhanced storage in mid-latitudes. The magnitude and evolution of global terrestrial carbon storage in response to abrupt THC changes depends sensitively on the initial climate conditions. These were varied using results from time slice simulations with the Hadley climate model for different periods over the past 21'000 years. Terrestrial storage varies between -67 and +50 PgC for the range of experiments with different initial conditions. Simulated peak-to-peak differences in atmospheric CO2 and d13C are 6 and 18 ppmv for glacial and early Holocene conditions. Simulated changes in d13C are between 0.18 and 0.30 permil. The small CO2 changes modelled for glacial conditions are compatible with available evidence from marine studies and the ice core CO2 record. The latter shows CO2 variations of up to 20 ppmv broadly in parallel with the Antarctic warm events A1 to A4.