A global mean sea surface temperature dataset for the Last Interglacial (129–116 ka) and contribution of thermal expansion to sea level change
A valuable analogue for assessing Earth's sensitivity to warming is the Last Interglacial (LIG; 129–116 ka), when global temperatures (0 to +2 ∘C) and mean sea level (+6 to 11 m) were higher than today. The direct contribution of warmer conditions to global sea level (thermosteric) is uncertain...
Published in: | Earth System Science Data |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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Copernicus GmbH
2020
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Online Access: | https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/79436.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/79437.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/79438.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/79439.zip https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3341-2020 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/ |
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Archimer (Archive Institutionnelle de l'Ifremer - Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer) |
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ftarchimer |
language |
English |
description |
A valuable analogue for assessing Earth's sensitivity to warming is the Last Interglacial (LIG; 129–116 ka), when global temperatures (0 to +2 ∘C) and mean sea level (+6 to 11 m) were higher than today. The direct contribution of warmer conditions to global sea level (thermosteric) is uncertain. We report here a global network of LIG sea surface temperatures (SST) obtained from various published temperature proxies (e.g. faunal and floral plankton assemblages, Mg ∕ Ca ratios of calcareous organisms, and alkenone UK′37). We summarize the current limitations of SST reconstructions for the LIG and the spatial temperature features of a naturally warmer world. Because of local δ18O seawater changes, uncertainty in the age models of marine cores, and differences in sampling resolution and/or sedimentation rates, the reconstructions are restricted to mean conditions. To avoid bias towards individual LIG SSTs based on only a single (and potentially erroneous) measurement or a single interpolated data point, here we report average values across the entire LIG. Each site reconstruction is given as an anomaly relative to 1981–2010, corrected for ocean drift, and where available seasonal estimates are provided (189 annual, 99 December–February, and 92 June–August records). To investigate the sensitivity of the reconstruction to high temperatures, we also report maximum values during the first 5 millennia of the LIG (129–124 ka). We find mean global annual SST anomalies of 0.2 ± 0.1 ∘C averaged across the LIG and an early maximum peak of 0.9 ± 0.1 ∘C, respectively. The global dataset provides a remarkably coherent pattern of higher SST increases at polar latitudes than in the tropics (demonstrating the polar amplification of surface temperatures during the LIG), with comparable estimates between different proxies. Polewards of 45∘ latitude, we observe annual SST anomalies averaged across the full LIG of > 0.8 ± 0.3 ∘C in both hemispheres with an early maximum peak of > 2.1 ± 0.3 ∘C. Using the reconstructed SSTs suggests a mean LIG global thermosteric sea level rise of 0.08 ± 0.1 m and a peak contribution of 0.39 ± 0.1 m, respectively (assuming warming penetrated to 2000 m depth). The data provide an important natural baseline for a warmer world, constraining the contributions of Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to global sea level during a geographically widespread expression of high sea level, and can be used to test the next inter-comparison of models for projecting future climate change. The dataset described in this paper, including summary temperature and thermosteric sea level reconstructions, is available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.904381 (Turney et al., 2019). |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Turney, Chris S. M. Jones, Richard T. Mckay, Nicholas P. Van Sebille, Erik Thomas, Zoë A. Hillenbrand, Claus-dieter Fogwill, Christopher J. |
spellingShingle |
Turney, Chris S. M. Jones, Richard T. Mckay, Nicholas P. Van Sebille, Erik Thomas, Zoë A. Hillenbrand, Claus-dieter Fogwill, Christopher J. A global mean sea surface temperature dataset for the Last Interglacial (129–116 ka) and contribution of thermal expansion to sea level change |
author_facet |
Turney, Chris S. M. Jones, Richard T. Mckay, Nicholas P. Van Sebille, Erik Thomas, Zoë A. Hillenbrand, Claus-dieter Fogwill, Christopher J. |
author_sort |
Turney, Chris S. M. |
title |
A global mean sea surface temperature dataset for the Last Interglacial (129–116 ka) and contribution of thermal expansion to sea level change |
title_short |
A global mean sea surface temperature dataset for the Last Interglacial (129–116 ka) and contribution of thermal expansion to sea level change |
title_full |
A global mean sea surface temperature dataset for the Last Interglacial (129–116 ka) and contribution of thermal expansion to sea level change |
title_fullStr |
A global mean sea surface temperature dataset for the Last Interglacial (129–116 ka) and contribution of thermal expansion to sea level change |
title_full_unstemmed |
A global mean sea surface temperature dataset for the Last Interglacial (129–116 ka) and contribution of thermal expansion to sea level change |
title_sort |
global mean sea surface temperature dataset for the last interglacial (129–116 ka) and contribution of thermal expansion to sea level change |
publisher |
Copernicus GmbH |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/79436.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/79437.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/79438.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/79439.zip https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3341-2020 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/ |
geographic |
Antarctic Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Greenland |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Greenland |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Greenland |
op_source |
Earth System Science Data (1866-3508) (Copernicus GmbH), 2020-12 , Vol. 12 , N. 4 , P. 3341-3356 |
op_relation |
https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/79436.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/79437.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/79438.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/79439.zip doi:10.5194/essd-12-3341-2020 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/ |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess restricted use |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3341-2020 |
container_title |
Earth System Science Data |
container_volume |
12 |
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4 |
container_start_page |
3341 |
op_container_end_page |
3356 |
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ftarchimer:oai:archimer.ifremer.fr:77549 2023-05-15T13:47:36+02:00 A global mean sea surface temperature dataset for the Last Interglacial (129–116 ka) and contribution of thermal expansion to sea level change Turney, Chris S. M. Jones, Richard T. Mckay, Nicholas P. Van Sebille, Erik Thomas, Zoë A. Hillenbrand, Claus-dieter Fogwill, Christopher J. 2020-12 application/pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/79436.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/79437.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/79438.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/79439.zip https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3341-2020 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/ eng eng Copernicus GmbH https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/79436.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/79437.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/79438.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/79439.zip doi:10.5194/essd-12-3341-2020 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77549/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess restricted use Earth System Science Data (1866-3508) (Copernicus GmbH), 2020-12 , Vol. 12 , N. 4 , P. 3341-3356 text Publication info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2020 ftarchimer https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3341-2020 2021-09-23T20:36:34Z A valuable analogue for assessing Earth's sensitivity to warming is the Last Interglacial (LIG; 129–116 ka), when global temperatures (0 to +2 ∘C) and mean sea level (+6 to 11 m) were higher than today. The direct contribution of warmer conditions to global sea level (thermosteric) is uncertain. We report here a global network of LIG sea surface temperatures (SST) obtained from various published temperature proxies (e.g. faunal and floral plankton assemblages, Mg ∕ Ca ratios of calcareous organisms, and alkenone UK′37). We summarize the current limitations of SST reconstructions for the LIG and the spatial temperature features of a naturally warmer world. Because of local δ18O seawater changes, uncertainty in the age models of marine cores, and differences in sampling resolution and/or sedimentation rates, the reconstructions are restricted to mean conditions. To avoid bias towards individual LIG SSTs based on only a single (and potentially erroneous) measurement or a single interpolated data point, here we report average values across the entire LIG. Each site reconstruction is given as an anomaly relative to 1981–2010, corrected for ocean drift, and where available seasonal estimates are provided (189 annual, 99 December–February, and 92 June–August records). To investigate the sensitivity of the reconstruction to high temperatures, we also report maximum values during the first 5 millennia of the LIG (129–124 ka). We find mean global annual SST anomalies of 0.2 ± 0.1 ∘C averaged across the LIG and an early maximum peak of 0.9 ± 0.1 ∘C, respectively. The global dataset provides a remarkably coherent pattern of higher SST increases at polar latitudes than in the tropics (demonstrating the polar amplification of surface temperatures during the LIG), with comparable estimates between different proxies. Polewards of 45∘ latitude, we observe annual SST anomalies averaged across the full LIG of > 0.8 ± 0.3 ∘C in both hemispheres with an early maximum peak of > 2.1 ± 0.3 ∘C. Using the reconstructed SSTs suggests a mean LIG global thermosteric sea level rise of 0.08 ± 0.1 m and a peak contribution of 0.39 ± 0.1 m, respectively (assuming warming penetrated to 2000 m depth). The data provide an important natural baseline for a warmer world, constraining the contributions of Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to global sea level during a geographically widespread expression of high sea level, and can be used to test the next inter-comparison of models for projecting future climate change. The dataset described in this paper, including summary temperature and thermosteric sea level reconstructions, is available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.904381 (Turney et al., 2019). Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Greenland Archimer (Archive Institutionnelle de l'Ifremer - Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer) Antarctic Greenland Earth System Science Data 12 4 3341 3356 |