Influence of Water Masses on the Biodiversity and Biogeography of Deep-Sea Benthic Ecosystems in the North Atlantic
Circulation patterns in the North Atlantic Ocean have changed and re-organized multiple times over millions of years, influencing the biodiversity, distribution, and connectivity patterns of deep-sea species and ecosystems. In this study, we review the effects of the water mass properties (temperatu...
Published in: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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Online Access: | https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00628/74006/73330.pdf https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00239 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00628/74006/ |
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ftarchimer:oai:archimer.ifremer.fr:74006 2023-05-15T17:28:10+02:00 Influence of Water Masses on the Biodiversity and Biogeography of Deep-Sea Benthic Ecosystems in the North Atlantic Puerta, Patricia Johnson, Clare Carreiro-silva, Marina Henry, Lea-anne Kenchington, Ellen Morato, Telmo Kazanidis, Georgios Luis Rueda, Jose Urra, Javier Ross, Steve Wei, Chih-lin Manuel Gonzalez-irusta, Jose Arnaud-haond, Sophie Orejas, Covadonga 2020-04 application/pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00628/74006/73330.pdf https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00239 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00628/74006/ eng eng Frontiers Media Sa info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/678760/EU//ATLAS https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00628/74006/73330.pdf doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00239 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00628/74006/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess restricted use Frontiers In Marine Science (2296-7745) (Frontiers Media Sa), 2020-04 , Vol. 7 , N. 239 , P. 25p. North Atlantic deep-sea biodiversity biogeography water masses vulnerable marine ecosystems text Publication info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2020 ftarchimer https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00239 2021-09-23T20:35:08Z Circulation patterns in the North Atlantic Ocean have changed and re-organized multiple times over millions of years, influencing the biodiversity, distribution, and connectivity patterns of deep-sea species and ecosystems. In this study, we review the effects of the water mass properties (temperature, salinity, food supply, carbonate chemistry, and oxygen) on deep-sea benthic megafauna (from species to community level) and discussed in future scenarios of climate change. We focus on the key oceanic controls on deep-sea megafauna biodiversity and biogeography patterns. We place particular attention on cold-water corals and sponges, as these are ecosystem-engineering organisms that constitute vulnerable marine ecosystems (VME) with high associated biodiversity. Besides documenting the current state of the knowledge on this topic, a future scenario for water mass properties in the deep North Atlantic basin was predicted. The pace and severity of climate change in the deep-sea will vary across regions. However, predicted water mass properties showed that all regions in the North Atlantic will be exposed to multiple stressors by 2100, experiencing at least one critical change in water temperature (+2 degrees C), organic carbon fluxes (reduced up to 50%), ocean acidification (pH reduced up to 0.3), aragonite saturation horizon (shoaling above 1000 m) and/or reduction in dissolved oxygen (> 5%). The northernmost regions of the North Atlantic will suffer the greatest impacts. Warmer and more acidic oceans will drastically reduce the suitable habitat for ecosystem-engineers, with severe consequences such as declines in population densities, even compromising their long-term survival, loss of biodiversity and reduced biogeographic distribution that might compromise connectivity at large scales. These effects can be aggravated by reductions in carbon fluxes, particularly in areas where food availability is already limited. Declines in benthic biomass and biodiversity will diminish ecosystem services such as habitat provision, nutrient cycling, etc. This study shows that the deep-sea VME affected by contemporary anthropogenic impacts and with the ongoing climate change impacts are unlikely to withstand additional pressures from more intrusive human activities. This study serves also as a warning to protect these ecosystems through regulations and by tempering the ongoing socio-political drivers for increasing exploitation of marine resources. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Ocean acidification Archimer (Archive Institutionnelle de l'Ifremer - Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer) Frontiers in Marine Science 7 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Archimer (Archive Institutionnelle de l'Ifremer - Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer) |
op_collection_id |
ftarchimer |
language |
English |
topic |
North Atlantic deep-sea biodiversity biogeography water masses vulnerable marine ecosystems |
spellingShingle |
North Atlantic deep-sea biodiversity biogeography water masses vulnerable marine ecosystems Puerta, Patricia Johnson, Clare Carreiro-silva, Marina Henry, Lea-anne Kenchington, Ellen Morato, Telmo Kazanidis, Georgios Luis Rueda, Jose Urra, Javier Ross, Steve Wei, Chih-lin Manuel Gonzalez-irusta, Jose Arnaud-haond, Sophie Orejas, Covadonga Influence of Water Masses on the Biodiversity and Biogeography of Deep-Sea Benthic Ecosystems in the North Atlantic |
topic_facet |
North Atlantic deep-sea biodiversity biogeography water masses vulnerable marine ecosystems |
description |
Circulation patterns in the North Atlantic Ocean have changed and re-organized multiple times over millions of years, influencing the biodiversity, distribution, and connectivity patterns of deep-sea species and ecosystems. In this study, we review the effects of the water mass properties (temperature, salinity, food supply, carbonate chemistry, and oxygen) on deep-sea benthic megafauna (from species to community level) and discussed in future scenarios of climate change. We focus on the key oceanic controls on deep-sea megafauna biodiversity and biogeography patterns. We place particular attention on cold-water corals and sponges, as these are ecosystem-engineering organisms that constitute vulnerable marine ecosystems (VME) with high associated biodiversity. Besides documenting the current state of the knowledge on this topic, a future scenario for water mass properties in the deep North Atlantic basin was predicted. The pace and severity of climate change in the deep-sea will vary across regions. However, predicted water mass properties showed that all regions in the North Atlantic will be exposed to multiple stressors by 2100, experiencing at least one critical change in water temperature (+2 degrees C), organic carbon fluxes (reduced up to 50%), ocean acidification (pH reduced up to 0.3), aragonite saturation horizon (shoaling above 1000 m) and/or reduction in dissolved oxygen (> 5%). The northernmost regions of the North Atlantic will suffer the greatest impacts. Warmer and more acidic oceans will drastically reduce the suitable habitat for ecosystem-engineers, with severe consequences such as declines in population densities, even compromising their long-term survival, loss of biodiversity and reduced biogeographic distribution that might compromise connectivity at large scales. These effects can be aggravated by reductions in carbon fluxes, particularly in areas where food availability is already limited. Declines in benthic biomass and biodiversity will diminish ecosystem services such as habitat provision, nutrient cycling, etc. This study shows that the deep-sea VME affected by contemporary anthropogenic impacts and with the ongoing climate change impacts are unlikely to withstand additional pressures from more intrusive human activities. This study serves also as a warning to protect these ecosystems through regulations and by tempering the ongoing socio-political drivers for increasing exploitation of marine resources. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Puerta, Patricia Johnson, Clare Carreiro-silva, Marina Henry, Lea-anne Kenchington, Ellen Morato, Telmo Kazanidis, Georgios Luis Rueda, Jose Urra, Javier Ross, Steve Wei, Chih-lin Manuel Gonzalez-irusta, Jose Arnaud-haond, Sophie Orejas, Covadonga |
author_facet |
Puerta, Patricia Johnson, Clare Carreiro-silva, Marina Henry, Lea-anne Kenchington, Ellen Morato, Telmo Kazanidis, Georgios Luis Rueda, Jose Urra, Javier Ross, Steve Wei, Chih-lin Manuel Gonzalez-irusta, Jose Arnaud-haond, Sophie Orejas, Covadonga |
author_sort |
Puerta, Patricia |
title |
Influence of Water Masses on the Biodiversity and Biogeography of Deep-Sea Benthic Ecosystems in the North Atlantic |
title_short |
Influence of Water Masses on the Biodiversity and Biogeography of Deep-Sea Benthic Ecosystems in the North Atlantic |
title_full |
Influence of Water Masses on the Biodiversity and Biogeography of Deep-Sea Benthic Ecosystems in the North Atlantic |
title_fullStr |
Influence of Water Masses on the Biodiversity and Biogeography of Deep-Sea Benthic Ecosystems in the North Atlantic |
title_full_unstemmed |
Influence of Water Masses on the Biodiversity and Biogeography of Deep-Sea Benthic Ecosystems in the North Atlantic |
title_sort |
influence of water masses on the biodiversity and biogeography of deep-sea benthic ecosystems in the north atlantic |
publisher |
Frontiers Media Sa |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00628/74006/73330.pdf https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00239 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00628/74006/ |
genre |
North Atlantic Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic Ocean acidification |
op_source |
Frontiers In Marine Science (2296-7745) (Frontiers Media Sa), 2020-04 , Vol. 7 , N. 239 , P. 25p. |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/678760/EU//ATLAS https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00628/74006/73330.pdf doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00239 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00628/74006/ |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess restricted use |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00239 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
7 |
_version_ |
1766120685316341760 |