Diet and feeding observations from an unusual beluga harvest in 2014 in Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories, Canada

• Published in: Arctic Science
• Main Authors: Loseto, Lisa L., Brewster, Jasmine D., Ostertag, Sonja K., Snow, Kathleen, Macphee, Shannon A., Mcnicholl, Darcy G., Choy, Emily S., Giraldo, Carolina, Hornby, Claire A.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Canadian Science Publishing, Nrc Research Press 2018
• Subjects: beluga diet; stomach contents; traditional and local knowledge; Sandlance; Arctic; Canada; Northwest Territories; Ulukhaktok; Arctic cod; Beaufort Sea; Beluga; Beluga*; Boreogadus saida; Delphinapterus leucas; inuit; Inuvialuit; Killer Whale; Killer whale
• Online Access: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00428/53927/55053.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2017-0046; https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00428/53927/

The Eastern Beaufort Sea (EBS) beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) population are an important traditional food for the Inuit of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Northwest Territories (NT) Canada. In 2014, over 30 beluga whales were harvested at Ulukhaktok, NT, the first occurrence for a large harvest in the area. Unlike observations from the established beluga harvest monitoring in the Mackenzie Estuary, these belugas had numerous prey and prey items in their stomachs. Our study objectives were to combine traditional and local knowledge (TLK) from beluga hunters with the analysis of dissected stomachs to identify EBS beluga diet, feeding behaviour, as well as gain insights into potential drivers of the event. TLK holders witnessed foraging behaviors such as herding schools of fish. Stomach dissections revealed Sandlance (Ammodytes sp.) to be the predominant prey species, comprising 90% of identified otoliths, occurring in 92% of stomachs. The low presence of Arctic Cod (Boreogadus saida) otoliths, a preferred prey, raised questions about availability/accessibility and if alternative prey can sustain beluga energetic needs. Based on interviews of TLK holders, avoidance of noise due to human activity, killer whale presence, and shifts in prey were factors that may have led to the increased beluga sightings near Ulukhaktok NT.