Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice
Snow on sea ice alters the properties of the underlying ice cover as well as associated physical and biological processes at the interfaces between atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean. The Antarctic snow cover persists during most of the year and contributes significantly to the sea-ice mass due to the w...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
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Language: | English |
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Amer Geophysical Union
2017
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Online Access: | https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50279.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50280.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50281.png https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50282.png https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50283.png https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012325 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/ |
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ftarchimer:oai:archimer.ifremer.fr:49758 2023-05-15T13:50:50+02:00 Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice Arndt, Stefanie Meiners, Klaus M. Ricker, Robert Krumpen, Thomas Katlein, Christian Nicolaus, Marcel 2017-03 application/pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50279.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50280.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50281.png https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50282.png https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50283.png https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012325 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/ eng eng Amer Geophysical Union https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50279.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50280.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50281.png https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50282.png https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50283.png doi:10.1002/2016JC012325 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/ 2017. The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess restricted use CC-BY-NC-ND Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans (2169-9275) (Amer Geophysical Union), 2017-03 , Vol. 122 , N. 3 , P. 2108-2119 light transmittance sea ice Antarctic surface flooding snow shortwave radiation text Publication info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2017 ftarchimer https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012325 2021-09-23T20:29:35Z Snow on sea ice alters the properties of the underlying ice cover as well as associated physical and biological processes at the interfaces between atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean. The Antarctic snow cover persists during most of the year and contributes significantly to the sea-ice mass due to the widespread surface flooding and related snow-ice formation. Snow also enhances the sea-ice surface reflectivity of incoming shortwave radiation and determines therefore the amount of light being reflected, absorbed, and transmitted to the upper ocean. Here, we present results of a case study of spectral solar radiation measurements under Antarctic pack ice with an instrumented Remotely Operated Vehicle in the Weddell Sea in 2013. In order to identify the key variables controlling the spatial distribution of the under-ice light regime, we exploit under-ice optical measurements in combination with simultaneous characterization of surface properties, such as sea-ice thickness and snow depth. Our results reveal that the distribution of flooded and nonflooded sea-ice areas dominates the spatial scales of under-ice light variability for areas smaller than 100 m-by-100 m. However, the heterogeneous and highly metamorphous snow on Antarctic pack ice obscures a direct correlation between the under-ice light field and snow depth. Compared to the Arctic, light levels under Antarctic pack ice are extremely low during spring (<0.1%). This is mostly a result of the distinctly different dominant sea ice and snow properties with seasonal snow cover (including strong surface melt and summer melt ponds) in the Arctic and a year-round snow cover and widespread surface flooding in the Southern Ocean. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Sea ice Southern Ocean Weddell Sea Archimer (Archive Institutionnelle de l'Ifremer - Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer) Antarctic Arctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 122 3 2108 2119 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Archimer (Archive Institutionnelle de l'Ifremer - Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer) |
op_collection_id |
ftarchimer |
language |
English |
topic |
light transmittance sea ice Antarctic surface flooding snow shortwave radiation |
spellingShingle |
light transmittance sea ice Antarctic surface flooding snow shortwave radiation Arndt, Stefanie Meiners, Klaus M. Ricker, Robert Krumpen, Thomas Katlein, Christian Nicolaus, Marcel Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice |
topic_facet |
light transmittance sea ice Antarctic surface flooding snow shortwave radiation |
description |
Snow on sea ice alters the properties of the underlying ice cover as well as associated physical and biological processes at the interfaces between atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean. The Antarctic snow cover persists during most of the year and contributes significantly to the sea-ice mass due to the widespread surface flooding and related snow-ice formation. Snow also enhances the sea-ice surface reflectivity of incoming shortwave radiation and determines therefore the amount of light being reflected, absorbed, and transmitted to the upper ocean. Here, we present results of a case study of spectral solar radiation measurements under Antarctic pack ice with an instrumented Remotely Operated Vehicle in the Weddell Sea in 2013. In order to identify the key variables controlling the spatial distribution of the under-ice light regime, we exploit under-ice optical measurements in combination with simultaneous characterization of surface properties, such as sea-ice thickness and snow depth. Our results reveal that the distribution of flooded and nonflooded sea-ice areas dominates the spatial scales of under-ice light variability for areas smaller than 100 m-by-100 m. However, the heterogeneous and highly metamorphous snow on Antarctic pack ice obscures a direct correlation between the under-ice light field and snow depth. Compared to the Arctic, light levels under Antarctic pack ice are extremely low during spring (<0.1%). This is mostly a result of the distinctly different dominant sea ice and snow properties with seasonal snow cover (including strong surface melt and summer melt ponds) in the Arctic and a year-round snow cover and widespread surface flooding in the Southern Ocean. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Arndt, Stefanie Meiners, Klaus M. Ricker, Robert Krumpen, Thomas Katlein, Christian Nicolaus, Marcel |
author_facet |
Arndt, Stefanie Meiners, Klaus M. Ricker, Robert Krumpen, Thomas Katlein, Christian Nicolaus, Marcel |
author_sort |
Arndt, Stefanie |
title |
Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice |
title_short |
Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice |
title_full |
Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice |
title_fullStr |
Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice |
title_full_unstemmed |
Influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through Antarctic pack ice |
title_sort |
influence of snow depth and surface flooding on light transmission through antarctic pack ice |
publisher |
Amer Geophysical Union |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50279.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50280.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50281.png https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50282.png https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50283.png https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012325 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/ |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Sea ice Southern Ocean Weddell Sea |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Sea ice Southern Ocean Weddell Sea |
op_source |
Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans (2169-9275) (Amer Geophysical Union), 2017-03 , Vol. 122 , N. 3 , P. 2108-2119 |
op_relation |
https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50279.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50280.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50281.png https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50282.png https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/50283.png doi:10.1002/2016JC012325 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49758/ |
op_rights |
2017. The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess restricted use |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY-NC-ND |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012325 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
container_volume |
122 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
2108 |
op_container_end_page |
2119 |
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1766254160145022976 |